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genius
A genius is a person who displays exceptional intellectual ability, creativity, or originality, typically to a degree that is associated with the achievement of new advances in a domain of knowledge. A scholar in many subjects or a scholar in a single subject may be referred to as a genius. There is no scientifically precise definition of genius, and the question of whether the notion itself has any real meaning has long been a subject of debate, although psychologists are converging on a definition that emphasizes creativity and eminent achievement.
==Etymology==
(詳細はancient Rome, the ''genius'' (plural in Latin ''genii'') was the guiding spirit or tutelary deity of a person, family ''(gens)'', or place ''(genius loci)''.〔genius. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved May 17, 2008, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/genius〕 The noun is related to the Latin verb ''genui, genitus'', "to bring into being, create, produce". Because the achievements of exceptional individuals seemed to indicate the presence of a particularly powerful ''genius'', by the time of Augustus the word began to acquire its secondary meaning of "inspiration, talent".〔''Oxford Latin Dictionary'' (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1982, 1985 reprinting), entries on ''genius'', p. 759, and ''gigno'', p. 764.〕 The term ''genius'' acquired its modern sense in the eighteenth century, and is a conflation of two Latin terms: ''genius'', as above, and ''ingenium'', a related noun referring to our innate dispositions, talents and inborn nature. Beginning to blend the concepts of the divine and the talented, the ''Encyclopédie'' article on genius (génie) describes such a person as "he whose soul is more expansive and struck by the feelings of all others; interested by all that is in nature never to receive an idea unless it evokes a feeling; everything excites him and on which nothing is lost." 〔Saint-Lambert, Jean-François de (ascribed). "Genius." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project. Translated by John S.D. Glaus Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library, 2007. Web. 1 Apr. 2015. . Trans. of "Génie," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, vol. 7. Paris, 1757.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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