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genopolitics
Genopolitics is the study of the genetic basis of political behavior and attitudes. It combines behavior genetics, psychology, and political science and it is closely related to the emerging fields of neuropolitics (the study of the neural basis of political behavior and attitudes) and political physiology (the study of biophysical correlates of political attitudes and behavior).
''The Chronicle of Higher Education'' recently reported on the increase in academicians' recognition of and engagement in genopolitics as a discrete field of study, and ''New York Times Magazine'' included genopolitics in its "Eighth Annual Year in Ideas," noting that the term was originally coined by James Fowler.
==Twin studies of political attitudes==
Psychologists and behavior geneticists began using twin studies in the 1980s to study variation in social attitudes, and these studies suggested that both genes and environment played a role. In particular, Nick Martin and his colleagues published an influential twin study of social attitudes in ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences'' in 1986.
However, this early work did not specifically analyze whether or not political orientations were heritable, and political scientists remained mostly unaware of the heritability of social attitudes until 2005. In that year, the ''American Political Science Review'' published a reanalysis of political questions on Martin's social attitude survey of twins in that the suggested liberal and conservative ideology is heritable. The article sparked considerable debate between critics, the authors and their defenders.
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