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The Ghawazi (also ''ghawazee'') dancers of Egypt were a group of female traveling dancers of the Nawar people, a subgroup of the Dom people. The ghawazi style gave rise to the Egyptian ''raqs sharqi'' by the first half of the 20th century, and in turn to the Western forms of belly dance. While the performative ''raqs sharqi'' in urban Egypt was heavily influenced by Western styles such as classical ballet or Latin American dance, the term ''ghawazi'' in Egypt refers to the dancers in rural Egypt who have preserved the traditional 18th to 19th century style. ==Name== The Arabic ''ghawāzī'' (singular ''ghāziya'') means "conqueror", as the ''ghaziya'' is said to "conquer" the hearts of her audience. They were also known as ''awālim'' (singular ''alma'', transliterated almeh in French as ''almée''). Both terms are 19th-century euphemisms for "erotic dancer"; ''almeh'' literally means "learned woman" and came to be used as a replacement for ''ghaziya'' after the ''ghawazi'' were legally banned in 1834. The term "ghawazi" is inherited from the Northern Indian term "Gowaar" meaning singer. The term "Gaon" is equal to the verb "sing" and the term "Gana" means song. This explains the inheritance of Nawari or Dom people from the group of performing artists known as "Bazigar" in Punjab. 〔Gibb Schreffler: The Bazigar (Goaar) People ()〕 An almeh in origin was a courtesan in Arab tradition, a woman educated to sing and recite classical poetry and to discourse. After the ''ghawazi'' were banned, they were forced to pretend that they were in fact ''awalim''. The term ''almeh'' was introduced in French Orientalism as ''almée'' and used synonymously with "belly dancer".〔Stavros Stavrou Karayanni, ''Dancing Fear & Desire: Race, Sexuality and Imperial Politics in Middle Eastern Dance'', 2004, ISBN 978-0-88920-454-6, (p. 28-29. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「ghawazi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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