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gigantism
Gigantism, also known as giantism (from Greek γίγας ''gigas'', "giant", plural γίγαντες ''gigantes''), is a condition characterized by excessive growth and height significantly above average. In humans, this condition is caused by over-production of growth hormone in childhood resulting in persons between 2.13 m (7 feet or 84 inches) and 2.74 m (9 feet or 108 inches) in height.
==Terminology==
The term is typically applied to those whose height is not just in the upper 1% of the population but several standard deviations above mean for persons of the same sex, age, and ethnic ancestry. The term is seldom applied to those who are simply "tall" or "above average" whose heights appear to be the healthy result of normal genetics and nutrition. Gigantism is usually caused by a tumor on the pituitary gland of the brain. It causes growth of the hands, face, and feet. In some cases the condition can be passed on genetically through a mutated gene.〔(In a Giant’s Story, a New Chapter Writ by His DNA - By Gina Kolata. The New York Times, January 5, 2011 )〕
Other names somewhat obsolete for this pathology are hypersoma (Greek: ''hyper'' over the normal level; ''soma'' body) and somatomegaly (Greek; ''soma'' body, genitive ''somatos'' of the body; ''megas'', gen. ''megalou'' great). In the past, while many of them were social outcasts because of their height, some (usually unintentionally) found employment in Friedrich Wilhelm I's famous Potsdam Giants regiment.
Many of those who have been identified with gigantism have suffered from multiple health issues involving their circulatory or skeletal system.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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