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The giraffe (''Giraffa camelopardalis'') is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest living terrestrial animal and the largest ruminant. Its species name refers to its camel-like shape and its leopard-like colouring. Its chief distinguishing characteristics are its extremely long neck and legs, its horn-like ossicones, and its distinctive coat patterns. It is classified under the family Giraffidae, along with its closest extant relative, the okapi. The nine subspecies are distinguished by their coat patterns. The giraffe's scattered range extends from Chad in the north to South Africa in the south, and from Niger in the west to Somalia in the east. Giraffes usually inhabit savannas, grasslands, and open woodlands. Their primary food source is acacia leaves, which they browse at heights most other herbivores cannot reach. Giraffes are preyed on by lions; their calves are also targeted by leopards, spotted hyenas, and wild dogs. Adult giraffes do not have strong social bonds, though they do gather in loose aggregations if they happen to be moving in the same general direction. Males establish social hierarchies through "necking", which are combat bouts where the neck is used as a weapon. Dominant males gain mating access to females, which bear the sole responsibility for raising the young. The giraffe has intrigued various cultures, both ancient and modern, for its peculiar appearance, and has often been featured in paintings, books, and cartoons. It is classified by the International Union for Conservation of Nature as Least Concern, but has been extirpated from many parts of its former range, and some subspecies are classified as Endangered. Nevertheless, giraffes are still found in numerous national parks and game reserves. ==Etymology== The name "giraffe" has its earliest known origins in the Arabic word ''zarafah'' (زرافة), perhaps borrowed from an African language.〔 The name is translated as "fast-walker".〔 There were several Middle English spellings, such as ''jarraf'', ''ziraph'', and ''gerfauntz''.〔 The word possibly was derived from the animal's Somali name ''geri''. The Italian form ''giraffa'' arose in the 1590s.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Giraffe )〕 The modern English form developed around 1600 from the French ''girafe''.〔 The species name ''camelopardalis'' is from Latin. "Camelopard" is an archaic English name for the giraffe deriving from the Ancient Greek for camel and leopard, animals which the giraffe was thought to resemble.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://medieval_terms.enacademic.com/615/Camelopard )〕 ''Kameelperd'' is also the name for the species in Afrikaans. Other African names for the giraffe include ''ekorii'' (Ateso), ''kanyiet'' (Elgon), ''nduida'' (Gikuyu), ''tiga'' (Kalenjin and Luo), ''ndwiya'' (Kamba), ''nudululu'' (Kihehe), ''ntegha'' (Kinyaturu), ''ondere'' (Lugbara), ''etiika'' (Luhya), ''kuri'' (Ma'di), ''oloodo-kirragata'' or ''olchangito-oodo'' (Maasai), ''lenywa'' (Meru), ''hori'' (Pare), ''lment'' (Samburu) and ''twiga'' (Swahili and others) in the east;〔 and ''tutwa'' (Lozi), ''nthutlwa'' (Shangaan), ''indlulamitsi'' (Siswati), ''thutlwa'' (Sotho), ''thuda'' (Venda) and ''ndlulamithi'' (Zulu) in the south.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「giraffe」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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