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gladius
''Gladius'' ((ラテン語:glădĭus)) was one Latin word for sword and is used to represent the primary sword of Ancient Roman foot soldiers. Early ancient Roman swords were similar to those used by the Greeks. From the 3rd century BC, the Romans adopted swords similar to those used by the Celtiberians and others during the early part of the conquest of Hispania. This sword was known as the ''Gladius Hispaniensis'', or "Hispanic Sword".
A fully equipped Roman legionary after the reforms of Gaius Marius was armed with a shield (scutum), one or two javelins (pila), a sword (gladius), often a dagger (pugio), and perhaps, in the later Empire period, darts (plumbatae). Conventionally, the javelins would be thrown to disable the shields and disrupt the formation of the enemy before engaging in close combat, for which the gladius would be drawn. The soldier generally led with his shield and thrust with his sword. All types of gladius appear to have also been suitable for cutting and chopping motions as well as for thrusting.〔Vegetius ''De Re Militari'' 2.15〕
==Name==
The name is a Latin masculine second declension noun, its plural being ''gladiī''. However, the word ''gladius'' in Latin refers to any sword, not specifically the modern definition of a gladius. Gladius is used in literature as early as the plays of Plautus (''Casina'', ''Rudens'').
Words derived from the word ''gladius'' include gladiator ("swordsman") and gladiolus ("little sword," from the diminutive form of ''gladius''), a flowering plant with sword-shaped leaves.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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