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glucagonoma
A glucagonoma is a rare tumor of the alpha cells of the pancreas that results in the overproduction of the hormone glucagon. Alpha cell tumors are commonly associated with glucagonoma syndrome, though similar symptoms are present in cases of pseudoglucagonoma syndrome in the absence of a glucagon-secreting tumor.
== Signs and symptoms ==
The primary physiological effect of glucagonoma is an overproduction of the peptide hormone glucagon, which enhances blood glucose levels through the activation of anabolic and catabolic processes including gluconeogenesis and lipolysis respectively. Gluconeogenesis produces glucose from protein and amino acid materials. It also increases lipolysis, which is the breakdown of fat. The net result is hyperglucagonemia, decreased blood levels of amino acids (hypoaminoacidemia), anemia, diarrhea, and weight loss of 5–15 kg.
Necrolytic migratory erythema (NME) is a classical symptom observed in patients with glucagonoma and is the presenting problem in 70% of cases. Associated NME is characterized by the spread of erythematous blisters and swelling across areas subject to greater friction and pressure, including the lower abdomen, buttocks, perineum, and groin.
Diabetes mellitus also frequently results from the insulin and glucagon imbalance that occurs in glucagonoma. Diabetes mellitus is present in 80–90% of cases of glucagonoma, and is exacerbated by preexisting insulin resistance.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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