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gobernadorcillo
The Gobernadorcillo ((:ɡoβernaðorˈθiʎo)) was a municipal judge or governor in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, who carried out in a town the combined charges or responsibilities of leadership, economic, and judicial administration. The gobernadorcillo was the leader of a town or pueblo (people or population). In a coastal town, the gobernadorcillo functioned as a port captain. His appointment was through an exclusive nomination provided by the Spanish law. His term of office lasted for two years. The position of a gobernadorcillo was honorary and mandatory in order to afford him those valid exemptions signified in the Philippine law. At the end of his biennial term he would enter and form part of the principalía, and was entitled to enjoy the honors and preeminence inherent to this state. This "mayor", who was at the same time Justice of the Peace and port captain, was directly responsible to the governor of the province in the exercise of his office.〔
In 1893, the Maura law was passed with the aim of making the municipal governments in the Philippine Islands more effective and autonomous. One of the changes that this law brought about was the reorganization of certain structures of town governments, among which was the designation of town head's title, that is, ''Gobernadorcillo'', also as ''Capitan Municipal'', effective 1895.〔"''Por «término municipal» se entenderá en Filipinas el formado por los pueblos en que haya Capitán ó Gobernadorcillo; por «Juez municipal» el de paz ó el Capitán ó Gobernadorcillo en los casos en que hagan las veces del último; por Fiscal municipal, en donde no lo haya, el Teniente de sementeras.''" Ministerio de Ultramar, ''Ley Hipotecaria para las Provincias de Ultramar'', Art. 413, 1°, Edicion Oficial, Madrid: 1893, Imprenta de la Viuda de M. Minuesa de los Rios, p. 150.〕
== System of election ==
The gobernadocillo was elected from among the ranks of the principalía by twelve senior Cabezas de Barangay. He was the ''primus inter pares'' of the cabezas of a Confederation of Barangays that made up a municipality. The electors had to choose three candidates who were to compose a list, called ''"terna"''. It was a requirement that the respective place of each nominee in the ''terna'' be indicated. It is to be noted that the candidates must be able to speak, read, and write the Castilian language. If anyone was elected who did not possess these qualifications, the election would be considered null and void. The same requirements were demanded in the election of officers of justice in the municipalities.〔
The election of a gobernadorcillo was by ballot. It was authorized by a notary and presided over by the provincial chief. The priest of the town may be present if he wishes, to express what opinions he may consider fitting, but for no other purpose. The sealed envelopes containing the election results in provinces near Manila were sent to superior offices of the government in the capital. From the ''terna'', the Governor General appointed the gobernadorcillo, taking into consideration the report of the president of the election. In distant territories, the chief of each province appointed the nominee who got the highest vote.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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