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Grihastha (Sanskrit: ''gr̥hastha'') literally means "being in and occupied with home, family" or "householder".〔 It refers to the second phase of an individual's life in a four age-based stages of the Hindu ashram system.〔S Radhakrishnan (1922), The Hindu Dharma, International Journal of Ethics, 33(1): 1-22〕 It follows Brahmacharya (bachelor student) life stage, and embodies a married life, with the duties of maintaining a home, raising a family, educating one's children, and leading a family-centred and a dharmic social life.〔 This stage of ''Ashrama'' is conceptually followed by Vanaprastha (forest dweller, retired〔L Mullatti (1995), Families in India: Beliefs and Realities, Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 26(1): 11-25〕) and Sannyasa (renunciation).〔RK Sharma (1999), Indian Society, Institutions and Change, ISBN 978-8171566655, page 28〕 Combined with other three life stages, Hindu philosophy considers these stages as a facet of Dharma concept, something essential to completing the full development of a human being and fulfilling all the needs of the individual and society.〔〔 Ancient and medieval era texts of Hinduism consider ''Grihastha'' stage as the most important of all stages in sociological context, as human beings in this stage not only pursue a virtuous life, they produce food and wealth that sustains people in other stages of life, as well as the offsprings that continues mankind.〔〔Alban Widgery (1930), (The Principles of Hindu Ethics ), International Journal of Ethics, 40(2): 232-245〕 The householder stage is also considered in Indian philosophy as one where the most intense physical, sexual, emotional, occupational, social and material attachments exist in a human being's life.〔Mazumdar and Mazumdar (2005), Home in the Context of Religion, in Home and Identity in Late Life: International Perspectives (Editor: Graham D. Rowles et al.), Springer, ISBN 978-0826127150, pages 81-103〕 In Indian traditions, ''Grihastha'' stage of life is a recommendation, but not a requirement. Any ''Brahmacharya'' may, if he or she wants, skip householder and retirement stage, go straight to Sannyasa stage of life, thereby renouncing worldly and materialistic pursuits and dedicating their lives to spiritual pursuits.〔What is Hinduism? (Editors of Hinduism Today), , Family Life and Monastic Life, Chapter 10 with page 101 in particular〕 ==Etymology== The Sanskrit word ''Grihastha'' (गृहस्थ) is a composite "Grih-astha" of two root words ''Grih'' (गृह) and ''Astha'' (स्थ). ''Grih'' means "home, family, house",〔(gRha ) Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University〕 while ''Asth'' means "devoted to, occupied with, being in".〔(stha ) Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University〕 Grihastha means that which "being in and occupied with home, family" or simply "householder".〔(gRhastha ) Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln University〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「grihastha」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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