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grimoire
A grimoire ( ) is a textbook of magic, typically including instructions on how to create magical objects like talismans and amulets; how to perform magical spells; charms and divination; and how to summon or invoke supernatural entities such as angels, spirits, and demons.〔Davies (2009:1)〕 In many cases, the books themselves are believed to be imbued with magical powers, though in many cultures, other sacred texts that are not grimoires (such as the Bible) have been believed to have supernatural properties intrinsically. In this manner while all ''books on magic'' could be thought of as grimoires, not all ''magical books'' should.〔Davies (2009:2-3)〕
While the term ''grimoire'' is originally European and many Europeans throughout history, particularly ceremonial magicians and cunning folk, have made use of grimoires, the historian Owen Davies noted that similar books can be found all across the world, ranging from Jamaica to Sumatra.〔Davies (2009:2-5)〕 He also noted that the first grimoires could be found in Europe and the Ancient Near East.〔Davies (2009:6-7)〕
==Etymology==
It is most commonly believed that the term ''grimoire'' originated from the Old French word ''grammaire'', which had initially been used to refer to all books written in Latin. By the 18th century, the term had gained its now common usage in France and had begun to be used to refer purely to books of magic, which Owen Davies presumed was because "many of them continued to circulate in Latin manuscripts".
However, the term ''grimoire'' later developed into a figure of speech amongst the French indicating something that was hard to understand. In the 19th century, with the increasing interest in occultism amongst the British following the publication of Francis Barrett's ''The Magus'' (1801), the term entered the English language in reference to books of magic.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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