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grivpanvar
The ''Grivpanvar'' (literally: neck-guard wearer), were an elite late Parthian and Sassanian division who fought as heavy knights or Cataphract cavalry. According to Roman sources, the Grivpanvar had the ability to impale two men on the long, heavy spears that they carried. Historical evidence suggests that the heavily armoured Parthian grivpanvar were at least partially influenced by the military of the Central Asian steppes, who in turn had inherited their armoured cavalry traditions from the Massagetae and the late Achaemenid Persians.
==Etymology==
The name Grivpanvar derives from the Middle Persian term ''grīw-bān'' (neck-guard), a helmet armour guard, from whence "grivpan" warrior. In the 3rd century AD, the Romans began to deploy such cavalry calling them ''clibanarii'', a name thought to derive from ''griwbanwar'' or ''griva-pana-bara''.〔Shadows in the desert: ancient Persia at war By Kaveh Farrokh〕
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