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Grossular is a calcium-aluminium mineral species of the garnet gemstone group with the formula Ca3Al2(SiO4)3,〔''GIA Gem Reference Guide''; Gemological Institute of America; 1995; ISBN 0-87311-019-6〕 though the calcium may in part be replaced by ferrous iron and the aluminium by ferric iron. The name grossular is derived from the botanical name for the gooseberry, ''grossularia'', in reference to the green garnet of this composition that is found in Siberia. Other shades include cinnamon brown (cinnamon stone variety), red, and yellow. Grossular should not be called grossularite, grossularite was once a type of rock. ==Hessonite== ''Hessonite'' or ''Cinnamon Stone'', is a more common variety of grossular with the general formula: Ca3Al2Si3O12. The name comes from the Greek hēssōn, meaning ''inferior''; an allusion to its lower hardness and lower density than most other garnet species varieties.〔 It has a characteristic red color, inclining to orange or yellow, much like that of zircon. It was shown many years ago, by Sir Arthur Herbert Church, that many gemstones, especially engraved gems (commonly regarded as zircon), were actually hessonite. The difference is readily detected by the specific gravity, that of hessonite being 3.64 to 3.69, while that of zircon is about 4.6. Hessonite has a similar hardness to that of quartz (being about 7 on the mohs scale), while the hardness of most garnet species is nearer 7.5. Hessonite comes chiefly from Sri Lanka and India〔Note: Hessonite is often called ''Gomedhaka'' in Tamil and Sinhalese.〕 where it is found generally in placer deposits, though its occurrence in its native matrix is not unknown. It is also found in Brazil and California. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「grossular」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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