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guanxi
''Guanxi'' describes the basic dynamic in personalized networks of influence (which can be best described as the relationships individuals cultivate with other individuals) and is a central idea in Chinese society. In Western media, the pinyin romanization of this Chinese word is becoming more widely used instead of the two common translations of it—"connections" and "relationships"—as neither of those terms sufficiently reflects the wide cultural implications that ''guanxi'' describes.〔Gold, Thomas, Douglas Guthrie, and David Wank. 2002. ''Social Connections in China: Institutions, Culture and the Changing Nature of Guanxi.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.〕
''Guanxi'' largely originates from the Chinese social philosophy of Confucianism, which stresses the importance of associating oneself with others in a hierarchical manner, in order to maintain social and economic order. Particularly, there is an emphasis on implicit mutual obligations, reciprocity, and trust, which are the foundations of ''guanxi'' and ''guanxi'' networks.〔Luo, Yadong, Ying Huang, and Stephanie Lu Wang. "Guanxi and Organisational Performance: A Meta-Analysis." ''Management and Organization Review'' 8.1 (2011): 139-72. Print.〕
''Guanxi'' also has a major influence on the management of businesses based in China, and businesses owned by overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia (the latter is known as the bamboo network).
Closely related concepts include that of ''ganqing'', a measure which reflects the depth of feeling within an interpersonal relationship, ''renqing'' ( ''rénqíng''/''jen-ch'ing''), the moral obligation to maintain a relationship, and the idea of "face" (, ''miànzi''/''mien-tzu''), which refers to social status, propriety, prestige, or a combination of all three. Other related concepts include ''wu-lune'', which supports the idea of a long term, developing relationship between a business and its client, ''and yi-ren'' and ''ren'', which respectively support reciprocity and empathy.
==Description and usage==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「guanxi」の詳細全文を読む
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