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Hades (; or , ''Háidēs'') was the ancient Greek chthonic god of the underworld, which eventually took his name.〔.〕 In Greek mythology, Hades was regarded as the oldest son of Cronus and Rhea, although the last son regurgitated by his father. He and his brothers Zeus and Poseidon defeated their father's generation of gods, the Titans, and claimed rulership over the cosmos. Hades received the underworld, Zeus the air, and Poseidon the sea, with the solid earth—long the province of Gaia—available to all three concurrently. Hades was often portrayed with his three-headed guard dog Cerberus and, in later mythological authors, associated with the Helm of Darkness and the bident. The Etruscan god Aita and Roman gods Dis Pater and Orcus were eventually taken as equivalent to the Greek Hades and merged as Pluto, a latinization of his euphemistic Greek name Plouton. ==Name== The origin of Hades's name is uncertain, but has been generally seen as meaning "The Unseen One" since antiquity. An extensive section of Plato's dialogue ''Cratylus'' is devoted to the etymology of the god's name, his Socrates arguing for a folk etymology not from "unseen" but from "his knowledge (''eidenai'') of all noble things". Modern linguists have proposed the Proto-Greek form *''Awides'' ("unseen"), The earliest attested form is ''Aḯdēs'' (), which lacks the proposed digamma. West argues instead for an original meaning of "the one who presides over meeting up" from the universality of death.〔.〕 In Ionic and epic Greek, he was known as ''Áïdēs''.〔. 〕 Other poetic variations of the name include ''Aïdōneús'' () and the inflected forms ''Áïdos'' (, gen.), ''Áïdi'' (, dat.), and ''Áïda'' (, acc.), whose reconstructed nominative case *''Áïs'' () is, however, not attested.〔Bailly, Anatole; ''Dictionnaire Grec Français'', 26th ed. (1963) (entry: " *Ἄϊς")〕 The name as it came to be known in classical times was ''Háidēs'' (). Later the iota became silent, then a subscript marking (), and finally omitted entirely ().〔See Ancient Greek phonology and modern Greek.〕 Perhaps from fear of pronouncing his name, around the 5th century BCE, the Greeks started referring to Hades as Pluto (, ''Ploútōn''), with a root meaning "wealthy", considering that from the abode below (i.e., the soil) come riches (e.g., fertile crops, metals and so on).〔Bailly, Anatole; ''Dictionnaire Grec Français'', 26th ed. (1963) (entry: "Πλούτων")〕 More elaborated names of the same genre were ''Ploutodótēs'' () or ''Ploutodotḗr'' () meaning "giver of wealth".〔Aeschylus, ''Prometheus Bound'', 806, note. (Translated by Smyth, Herbert Weir (1922) ) in Loeb Classical Library, Volume 145.〕 Epithets of Hades include ''Agesander'' () and ''Agesilaos'' (), both from ''ágō'' (, "lead", "carry" or "fetch") and ''anḗr'' (, "man") or ''laos'' (, "men" or "people"), describing Hades as the god who carries away all.〔Callimachus, ''Hymn. in Pallad.'' 130, with Friedrich Spanheim's note〕〔Hesychius of Alexandria ''s.v.''〕〔Aeschyl. ''ap. Athen.'' iii. p. 99〕 Nicander uses the form ''Hegesilaus'' ().〔Nicander, ''ap. Athen.'' xv. p. 684〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hades」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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