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Hainteny (pronounced (:hajnˈtenʲ), Malagasy for "knowledge of words") is a traditional form of Malagasy oral literature and poetry, involving heavy use of metaphor. It is associated primarily with the Merina people of Madagascar.〔Houlder, J.A. (1929). ''Ohabolana, or Malagasy Proverbs, Illustrating the Wit and Wisdom of the Hova of Madagascar.'' Antananarivo: Friends' Foreign Missionary Association.〕 In its use of metaphor and allusion it resembles another type of poetry, the Malay pantun, and Fox〔Fox, L. (trans.). (1990). ''Hainteny, the Traditional Poetry of Madagascar.'' Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press.〕 suggests "it seems likely the Merina brought with them a Malayo-Polynesian poetic tradition" to Madagascar. The Ibonia, an epic poem related for centuries in different versions across Madagascar, reflects the value placed on the linguistic skills celebrated in the hainteny tradition, and offers insight into the diverse mythologies and beliefs of traditional Malagasy communities. Collections of hainteny were first gathered in print form on the orders of Queen Ranavalona I in the 19th century. The French writer Jean Paulhan, who stayed in Madagascar from 1908 to 1910, made an intensive study of the hainteny and published a book of translations in 1913.〔Paulhan, J. (1913). ''Les Hainteny merina.'' Paris: Geuthner.〕 Hainteny often incorporates ohabolana (proverbs) and kabary (public discourse). Both of these two oral traditions remain integral parts of Malagasy daily life, where they are pronounced at such events as weddings, funerals, births and famadihana and constitute an essential component of hiragasy performances. They may also include ''angano'' (folktales and fables), ''tantara'' (historical narratives) or ''ankamantatra'' (riddles).〔Peek, P. and Yankah, K. (2004). "Malagasy Folklore and its Study." In ''African Folklore: an Encyclopedia.'' New York: Routledge.〕 These diverse Malagasy oral traditions were advanced in the 20th century by such artists as Jean Joseph Rabearivelo, who is considered Africa's first modern poet,〔Rabearivelo (2007), p. x〕 and Elie Rajaonarison, an exemplar of the new wave of Malagasy poetry.〔Auzias & Labourdette (2007), p. 142〕 == Ohabolana == "Proverb" offers a weak approximation of the meaning of ohabolana, which constitute no less than concise expressions of the Malagasy philosophical worldview. While the exact number of existing ohabolana is unknown, the largest published collection includes over 6,500 of them relating to all aspects of life and particularly the human condition. Fox has described ohabolana as constituting "a universal philosophy of life that transcends its Malagasy context and merits admiration as one of man's noble attempts to construct a valid moral and philosophical framework for his existence."〔Fox, L. (1990). ''Hainteny: the traditional poetry of Madagascar.'' London: Associated University Presses. (p. 37)〕 Ohabolana are not the property of a particular class but are rather at the disposition of anyone who finds a salient application of a particular expression to a given situation. Their form persists unchanged from ancient times even when grammar and syntax of contemporary speech have since evolved because, as Fox notes, altering an ohabolana would constitute disregard for the venerated ancestors who are their originators. Ohabolana are characteristically brief, metaphorical, symmetrical in pattern and syntax. Examples:〔Sibree, J. & Baron, R. (Eds.). (1893).''The Antananarivo annual and Madagascar magazine.'' 5(17)—Part 1. Antananarivo: L.M.S. Press.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hainteny」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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