|
Haloperidol, marketed under the trade name Haldol among others, is a typical antipsychotic medication.〔 It is used in the treatment of schizophrenia, tics in Tourette syndrome, nausea and vomiting, delirium, agitation, acute psychosis, and hallucinations in alcohol withdrawal.〔 It may be used by mouth, as an injection into a muscle, or intravenously. Haloperidol typically works within thirty to sixty minutes. A long-acting formulation is used as an injection every four weeks in people with schizophrenia or related illnesses who either forget or refuse to take the medication by mouth.〔 Haloperidol may result in a movement disorder known as tardive dyskinesia which may be permanent. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and QT-interval prolongation may occur. In older people with psychosis due to dementia it results in an increased risk of death.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/haloperidol.html )〕 When taken during pregnancy it may result in problems in the infant.〔 It should not be used in people with Parkinson's disease.〔 Haloperidol was discovered in 1958 by Paul Janssen. It was made from meperidine. It is on the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. The yearly cost of the typical dose of haloperidol is about 20 to 800 pounds (30 to 1,250 US dollars) in the United Kingdom.〔 The cost in the United States is around 250 US dollars. It is the most commonly used typical antipsychotic. ==Medical uses== Haloperidol is used in the control of the symptoms of: * Schizophrenia〔 * Acute psychosis, such as drug-induced psychosis caused by LSD, psilocybin, amphetamines, ketamine, and phencyclidine, and psychosis associated with high fever or metabolic disease * Hyperactivity, aggression * Hyperactive delirium (to control the agitation component of delirium) * Otherwise uncontrollable, severe behavioral disorders in children and adolescents * Agitation and confusion associated with cerebral sclerosis * Adjunctive treatment of alcohol and opioid withdrawal * Treatment of severe nausea and emesis in postoperative and palliative care, especially for palliating adverse effects of radiation therapy and chemotherapy in oncology * Treatment of neurological disorders, such as tic disorders such as Tourette syndrome, and chorea * Therapeutic trial in personality disorders, such as borderline personality disorder * Treatment of intractable hiccups〔 * Alcohol-induced psychosis *Hallucinations in alcohol withdrawal〔 Haloperidol was considered indispensable for treating psychiatric emergency situations, although the newer atypical drugs have gained greater role in a number of situations as outlined in a series of consensus reviews published between 2001 and 2005. A multiple-year study suggested this drug and other neuroleptic antipsychotic drugs commonly given to Alzheimer's patients with mild behavioural problems often make their condition worse and its withdrawal was even beneficial for some cognitive and functional measures. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「haloperidol」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|