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harem
Harem (, Turkish, from (アラビア語:حرم) ''ḥaram'' "forbidden place; sacrosanct, sanctum", related to ''ḥarīm'', "a sacred inviolable place; female members of the family" and ''ḥarām'', "forbidden; sacred") refers to the sphere of women in what is usually a polygynous household and their enclosed quarters which are forbidden to men. The term originated in the Near East. Harems are composed of wives and concubines. The South Asian equivalent, for those that practise purdah, is known as zenana.
== Etymology ==
The word has been recorded in the English language since 1634, via Turkish ''harem'', from Arabic ''ḥaram'' "forbidden because sacred/important", originally implying "women's quarters", literally "something forbidden or kept safe", from the root of ''ḥarama'' "to be forbidden; to exclude". The triliteral ''Ḥ-R-M'' is common to Arabic words denoting ''forbidden''. The word is a cognate of Hebrew ''ḥerem'', rendered in Greek as ''anathema'' when it applies to excommunication pronounced by the Jewish Sanhedrin court; all these words mean that an object is "sacred" or "accursed".
Female seclusion in Islam is emphasized to the extent that any unlawful breaking into that privacy is ''ḥarām'' "forbidden". A Muslim harem does not necessarily consist solely of women with whom the head of the household has sexual relations, but also their young offspring, other female relatives, etc. The Arabic word حرمة ''ḥurmah'', plural حريم ''ḥarīm'', was traditionally a term for a woman of the speaker's family, regardless of status. It may either be a palatial complex, as in Romantic tales, in which case it includes staff (women and eunuchs), or simply their quarters, in the Ottoman tradition separated from the men's selamlık. The zenana was a comparable institution.
It is being more commonly acknowledged today that the purpose of harems during the Ottoman Empire was for the royal upbringing of the future wives of noble and royal men. These women would be educated so that they were able to appear in public as a royal wife.〔Goodwin Godfrey. The Private World of Ottoman Women. Saqi Books, London, 1997. ISBN 978-0-86356-751-3, p 127〕
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