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The Haridasa (Kannada: ಹರಿದಾಸ) devotional movement is considered as one of the turning points in the cultural history of India. Over a span of nearly six centuries, several saints and mystics helped shape the culture, philosophy and art of South India in general and Karnataka in particular by exerting considerable spiritual influence over the masses and kingdoms that ruled South India.〔Sharma (1961), p514〕 This movement was ushered in by the ''Haridasas'' (''lit'' "servants of Lord Hari") and took shape in the 13th century - 14th century CE period, prior to and during the early rule of the Vijayanagara empire. The main objective of this movement was to propagate the Dvaita philosophy of Madhvacharya (''Madhva Siddhanta'') to the masses through a literary medium known as ''Dasa Sahitya'' (''lit'' "literature of the servants of the Lord").〔 Prominent Hindu philosophers, poets and scholars such as Sripadaraya, Vyasathirtha, Vadirajatirtha, Purandara Dasa and Kanaka Dasa played an important role during this time.〔Kamath (2001), p155〕 Though the movement found its roots in the Kannada country and later spread to other parts of South India, it was a net result of earlier devotional movements such as the Veerashaiva movement (of Vachana literature in Kannada) of northern Karnataka led by Basavanna (12th century) and the Alvar saints of Tamil Nadu (10th century).〔〔Krishna Rao M.V. Dr. in 〕 Later, Vallabhacharya in Gujarat and Guru Chaitanya were influenced by the teachings of Madhvacharya. Their devotees started the worldwide ISKCON movement.〔Kamath (2001), p156〕 The Haridasas were saints, some of who were wandering bards, and considered themselves as slaves of their supreme Lord - Hari. While the movement was mainly heralded by the Brahmins, it was a devotional one whose ideals and thoughts pervaded and received noteworthy contributions from all sections of society.〔According to some accounts, Kanaka Dasa came from a family of hunters (''beda'') and from other accounts, from a family of Shepherds (''kuruba'') (Sastri 1955, p365)〕 The Haridasa movement can be considered as a part of a larger ''Bhakti'' movement whose devotional inspiration to the masses lasted over a millennium. The Haridasa movement made significant contribution to Kannada devotional literature.〔Sastri (1955), p381〕 ==Origin== The origin of the Haridasa movement is not clearly known, with some legends indicating there were holy men and kings who espoused this form of devotion as early as the 9th century. However it is well known that the great Vaishnava religious devotionalism called ''Dasa Kuta'' found its organizational base and started to produce large congregation of devotees in the Karnataka region, largely due to the Vedanta (philosophy) propounded in the 13th century by Madhvacharya of Udupi (1238 - 1317 CE). The Haridasas' who propagated the philosophy of Madhvacharya belonged to two groups; the ''Dasakuta'', those who conveyed the philosophy of Madhvacharya in simple and lucid Kannada to the masses, and the ''Vyasakuta'', those who were required to be proficient in the Vedas, Upanishads and other ''Darshana'' (scriptures). During this period, this movement became a strong spiritual force which helped a resurgence of a strong Hindu sentiment in Southern India, when Northern India was already under Muslim rule. The Haridasas' found state patronage in the Vijayanagara Empire which at its peak, ruled over the entire Southern India.〔Kamath (2001), p178〕 Vyasatirtha was intimately associated with the empire and was considered the family guru by King Krishnadevaraya.〔Krishnadevaraya was highly devoted to Vyasatirtha (Kamath 2001), p178)〕〔Vyasatirtha was highly honoured by King Krishnadevaraya (Nilakanta Sastri 1955, p324)〕 Haridasas' belonged to the Vaishnava school of Hinduism and worshipped Vitthala, a manifestation of the Hindu god Vishnu and all forms of Krishna (an ''avatar'' of Vishnu). The Vittalanatha temple at Pandharapura on the bank of the river Bhima in present day Maharashtra, the Vittala Swami temples at Hampi in Karnataka and the Srinivasa temple on Tirumala hills in Andhra Pradesh are considered the holiest of places in the Haridasa context. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「haridasa」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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