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harmattan
The Harmattan is a cold-dry and dusty trade wind, blowing over the West African subcontinent. This northeasterly wind blows from the Sahara Desert into the Gulf of Guinea between the end of November and the middle of March (winter).〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Harmattan )〕 The name comes from or is related to an Akan cognate.
The Harmattan blows during the dry season, which occurs during the lowest-sun months, when the subtropical ridge of high pressure stays over the central Sahara Desert and when the low-pressure Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) stays over the Gulf of Guinea. On its passage over the Sahara, it picks up fine dust and sand particles (between 0.5 and 10 microns).
==Effects==
The Harmattan is characterized by cold, dry, dust-laden wind, and also wide fluctuations in the ambient temperatures of the day and night. Temperatures can easily be as low as 9 °C (48 °F), but sometimes in the afternoon the temperature can soar to as high as 30 °C (86°F), while the relative humidity drops under 10%.
The air is particularly dry and desiccating when the Harmattan blows over the region.〔 The Harmattan brings desert-like weather conditions: it lowers the humidity, dissipates cloud cover, prevents rainfall formation and sometimes creates big clouds of dust which can result in duststorms or sandstorms. The wind can increase fire risk and cause severe crop damage. The interaction of the Harmattan with monsoon winds can cause tornadoes.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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