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The harmonica, also French harp, and mouth organ,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 last = Willy )〕 is a free reed wind instrument used worldwide in many musical genres, notably in blues, American folk music, classical music, jazz, country, and rock and roll. There are many types of harmonica, including diatonic, chromatic, tremolo, octave, orchestral, and bass versions. A harmonica is played by using the mouth (lips and tongue) to direct air into and out of one or more holes along a mouthpiece. Behind the holes are chambers containing at least one reed. A harmonica reed is a flat elongated spring typically made of brass, stainless steel, or bronze, which is secured at one end over a slot that serves as an airway. When the free end is made to vibrate by the player's air, it alternately blocks and unblocks the airway to produce sound. Reeds are pre-tuned to individual pitches. Tuning may involve changing a reed's length, the weight near its free end, or the stiffness near its fixed end. Longer, heavier and springier reeds produce deeper, lower sounds; shorter, lighter and stiffer reeds make higher-pitched sounds. If, as on most modern harmonicas, a reed is affixed above or below its slot rather than in the plane of the slot, it responds more easily to air flowing in the direction that initially would push it into the slot, i.e., as a ''closing reed''. This difference in response to air direction makes it possible to include both a ''blow reed'' and a ''draw reed'' in the same air chamber and to play them separately without relying on flaps of plastic or leather (valves, wind-savers) to block the nonplaying reed. An important technique in performance is bending: causing a drop in pitch by making embouchure adjustments.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.harmonica.com/bending )〕 It is possible to bend isolated reeds, as on chromatic and other harmonica models with wind-savers, but also to both lower, and raise (''overbend'', ''overblow'', ''overdraw'') the pitch produced by pairs of reeds in the same chamber, as on a diatonic or other unvalved harmonica. Such two-reed pitch changes actually involve sound production by the normally silent reed, the ''opening reed'' (for instance, the blow reed while the player is drawing). ==Parts== There are three types of harmonicas: the diatonic, the chromatic, and the tremolo. The basic parts of the harmonica are the ''comb'', ''reed-plates'' and ''cover-plates''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「harmonica」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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