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Hashish, or hash, is a cannabis product composed of compressed or purified preparations of stalked resin glands, called trichomes. It contains the same active ingredients as marijuana—such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and other cannabinoids—but often in higher concentrations than the unsifted buds or leaves from which marijuana is made.〔Russo, Ethan. ''(Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Potential )'', p. 34 (Routledge 2013).〕 Hashish may be solid or resinous depending on the preparation; pressed hashish is usually solid, whereas water-purified hashish—often called "bubble melt hash"—is often a paste-like substance with varying hardness and pliability, its color most commonly light to dark brown can vary to seethrough glass varying toward yellow/tan, black or red. This all depends on the process and amount of solvent left over.〔(Guide To The Different Types Of Hash From Around The World )〕 == History == The name hashish comes from the Arabic word ( حشيش ) which means grass. It is believed that massive hashish production for international trade originated in Morocco during the 1960s, where the cannabis plant was widely available. Before the coming of the first hippies from the ''Hippie Hashish Trail'', only small pieces of Lebanese hashish were found in Morocco.〔Hashish! by Robert Connell Clarke, ISBN 0-929349-05-9〕 However, hemp has been reported from a cultural setting on Taiwan as long ago as 10,000 BC., and "()he earliest human use of Cannabis appears to have occurred in the steppe regions of Central Asia or in China."〔Merlin, M. D. 2003 "Archaeological evidence for the tradition of psychoactive plant use in the Old World," E''conomic Botany ''57 (3): 295-323. Table 1 (re Taiwan) and p. 312 (quotation). http://link.springer.com/article/10.1663/0013-0001%282003%29057%5B0295:AEFTTO%5D2.0.CO%3B2. Rtvd 2014.02.22. 〕 Northern India has a long social tradition in the production of hashish, known locally as ''charas'', which is believed to be the same plant resin as was burned in the ceremonial ''booz rooz'' of Ancient Persia.〔Usaybia, Abu; ''Notes on Uyunu al-Anba fi Tabaquat al-Atibba'', Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965.〕 ''Cannabis indica'' grows wild almost everywhere on the Indian sub-continent, and special strains have been particularly cultivated for production of ''ganja'' and ''hashish'' particularly in West Bengal, Rajasthan and the Himalayas. In 1596, Dutchman Jan Huyghen van Linschoten spent three pages on "Bangue" (''bhang'') in his historic work documenting his journeys in the East. He particularly mentioned the Egyptian Hashish.〔 Full text at Internet Archive. (Chapter on Bangue ).〕 He said, "Bangue is likewise much used in Turkie and Egypt, and is made in three sorts, having also three names. The first by the Egyptians is called Assis (Hashish (Arab.)), which is the poulder of Hemp, or of Hemp leaves, which is water made in paste or dough, they would eat five peeces, (each) as big as a Chestnut (or larger); This is used by the common people, because it is of a small price, and it is no wonder, that such vertue proceedeth from the Hempe, for that according to Galens opinion, Hempe excessively filleth the head." The word assassin has its root from the Arabic word ''Hashshashin'' ( حشّاشين, ħashshāshīyīn, also Hashishin, Hashashiyyin),〔American Speech'' – McCarthy, Kevin M. Volume 48, pp. 77–83〕 and shares its etymological roots with the Arabic term ''ḥashīsh''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hashish」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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