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haveli
Haveli is generic term used for a traditional townhouse and mansions in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh usually one with historical and architectural significance. The word ''haveli'' is derived from Arabic ''haveli'', meaning "an enclosed place" or "private space" popularised under Mughal Empire and was devoid of any architectural affiliations.〔("haveli" Oxford Dictionaries )〕 Later, the word ''haveli'' came to be used as generic term for various styles of regional mansions, townhouse and temples found in India, Pakistan, Nepal and Bangaldesh.〔 http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/student/Haveli-%E2%80%94-A-Symphony-of-Art-and-Architecture/2014/10/27/article2494669.ece]〕
== History ==
The traditional courtyard homes in South Asia is built on the ancient principles of Vastu Shastra. which state that all spaces emerge from a single point, that is the centre of the house. Courtyards are common feature in south asian architecture. The earliest archaeological evidence of courtyard homes in the region dates back to 2600–2450 BCE. Traditional homes in South Asia are built around courtyard and all family activities revolved around ''chowk'' or courtyard. Additionally, the courtyard serves as a ''light well'' and an effective ventilation strategy for hot and dry climates of South Asia. During medieval period, the term ''Haveli'' was first applied in Rajputana by the Vaishnava sect to refer to their temples in Gujarat under the Mughal Empire and Rajputana kingdoms. Later, the generic term ''haveli'' eventually came to be identified with townhouse and mansions of the merchant class.〔(Symphony of Art and Architecture http://www.newindianexpress.com/education/student/Haveli-%E2%80%94-A-Symphony-of-Art-and-Architecture/2014/10/27/article2494669.ece )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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