|
Hawk is a common name for some small to medium-sized diurnal birds of prey, widely distributed and varying greatly in size. * The subfamily Accipitrinae includes goshawks, sparrowhawks, the sharp-shinned hawk and others. These are mainly woodland birds with long tails and high visual acuity, hunting by sudden dashes from a concealed perch.〔Campbell, B., Lack.E (2013) A Dictionary of Birds. p.273〕 * In the Americas, members of the ''Buteo'' group are also called hawks; these are called buzzards in other parts of the world. Generally buteos have broad wings and sturdy builds. They are relatively larger winged, shorter-tailed and soar more extensively in open areas than accipiters, descending or pouncing on their prey rather than making fast horizontal pursuit. The terms ''buteonine hawk'' and ''accipitrine hawk'' may be used to distinguish the two types, in regions where ''hawk'' applies to both. The term ''"true hawk"'' (with scare quotes) is sometimes used for the accipitrine hawks, in regions where ''buzzard'' is preferred for the buteonine hawks. All these groups are members of the Accipitridae family, which includes the hawks and buzzards as well as kites, harriers and eagles. Some authors use "hawk" generally for any small to medium Accipitrid that is not an eagle.〔 Debus writes that the osprey is "a large aquatic hawk, with adaptations for catching fish by plunge-diving into water"; the elanid kites are "small, gull-like, grey-and-white hawks with black forewing patches"; and, of the harriers, that the "hawks in this cosmopolitan genus ('circling hawk') are so-called because of their low harrying flight". But he refers to the "typical or milvine kites" as "large kites", not hawks.〕 The common names of some birds include the term "hawk", reflecting traditional usage rather than taxonomy, such as referring to an osprey as a "fish hawk" or a peregrine falcon as a "duck hawk". == History == Falconry was also called "hawking", and any bird used for falconry could be referred to as a hawk. The Egyptians believed the hawk to be a symbol of Horus and a guardian of the pharaoh, and was therefore sacred to them. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hawk」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|