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Hazing is the practice of rituals and other activities involving harassment, abuse or humiliation used as a way of initiating a person into a group. Hazing is seen in many different types of social groups, including gangs, sports teams, schools, military units, and fraternities and sororities. The initiation rites can range from relatively benign pranks, to protracted patterns of behavior that rise to the level of abuse or criminal misconduct. Hazing is often prohibited by law and may comprise either physical or psychological abuse. It may also include nudity and/or sexually based offences. == Terms == In Australian English, hazing is called bastardisation. In some languages, terms with a christening theme or etymology are preferred (e.g. ''"baptême"'' in French, ''"doop"'' in Dutch — both mostly used in Belgium) or variations on a theme of naïveté and the rite of passage such as a derivation from a term for freshman (e.g. ''"bizutage"'' in French -mostly used in France-, ''"ontgroening"'' (de-green()ing) in Dutch —mostly used in the Netherlands—, ''"novatada"'' in Spanish, from "novato," meaning newcomer) or a combination of both, such as in the Finnish ''"mopokaste"'' (literally "moped baptism", "moped" being the nickname for freshmen, stemming from the concept that they would be forced to drive the children bicycle or tri-cycle). In Latvian, the word ''"iesvētības"'', which literally means "in-blessings," is used, also standing for religious rites of passage, especially confirmation. In Swedish, the term used is ''"nollning"'', literally "zeroing." In Portugal, the term ''"praxe"'', which literally means "practice" or "habit," is used for freshmen initiation. In Brazil, it's called "trote" and is usually practiced at universities by older students ("veteranos") against freshmen ("calouros") in the first week of their first semester. In the Italian military, instead, the term used was ''"nonnismo"'', from ''"nonno"'' (literally "grandfather"), a jargon term used for the soldiers who had already served for most of their draft period. A similar equivalent term exists in the Russian military, where a hazing phenomenon knowing as ''Dedovshchina'' exists, meaning roughly "grandfather" or the slang term "gramps" (referring to the senior corps of soldiers in their final year of conscription). At education establishments in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, this practice involves existing students baiting new students and is called ragging. In Polish schools, hazing is known as ''"kocenie"'' (literally ''catting'', coming from the noun ''"kot"'' - "cat". It often features cat-related activities, like competitive milk drinking. Other popular tasks include measuring a long distance (i.e. hallways) with matches. Often most or all of the endurance or the more serious ordeal is concentrated in a single session, which may be called ''hell night'', or prolonged to a ''hell week'', sometimes again at the pledge's birthday (e.g. by birthday spanking), but some traditions keep terrorizing pledges over a long period, resembling fagging. In Israel, the practice is called "zubur" (an Arabic-derived Hebrew slang word roughly equivalent to 'willie') and exists primarily in Israeli Defense Force combat units and the Israel Air Force. Unlike hazing in many other places, "zubur" is typically used to mark the achievement of important milestones (in an ironic 'don't get too big for your britches' way), such as after a pilot's first solo flight. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hazing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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