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Hegemony ( or , or ; (ギリシア語:ἡγεμονία ''hēgemonía''), "leadership, rule") is the political, economic, or military predominance or control of one state over others.〔''Oxford English Dictionary''〕 In Ancient Greece (8th century BCE – 6th century CE), ''hegemony'' denoted the politico–military dominance of a city-state over other city-states. The dominant state is known as the ''hegemon''.〔''Oxford English Dictionary'': "A leading or paramount power; a dominant state or person"〕 In the 19th century, hegemony came to denote the "Social or cultural predominance or ascendancy; predominance by one group within a society or milieu". Later, it could be used to mean "a group or regime which exerts undue influence within a society."〔''Oxford English Dictionary'': Def's 2a and 2b.〕 Also, it could be used for the geopolitical and the cultural predominance of one country over others; from which was derived ''hegemonism'', as in the idea that the Great Powers meant to establish European hegemony over Asia and Africa. The Marxist theory of cultural hegemony, associated particularly with Antonio Gramsci, is the idea that the ruling class can manipulate the value system and mores of a society, so that their view becomes the world view (''Weltanschauung''): in Terry Eagleton's words, "Gramsci normally uses the word hegemony to mean the ways in which a governing power wins consent to its rule from those it subjugates".〔Terry Eagleton, ''Ideology: An Introduction'' (London: Verso, 1991).〕 In contrast to authoritarian rule, cultural hegemony "is hegemonic only if those affected by it also consent to and struggle over its common sense". In cultural imperialism, the leader state dictates the internal politics and the societal character of the subordinate states that constitute the hegemonic sphere of influence, either by an internal, sponsored government or by an external, installed government. ==Etymology== From the post-classical Latin word ''hegemonia'', from "1513 or earlier"; or the Greek word ''ἡγεμονία'', meaning "authority, rule, political supremacy", related to the word ''ἡγεμών'' "leader".〔''Oxford English Dictionary''.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hegemony」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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