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hemispherectomy
Hemispherectomy is a very rare surgical procedure where one cerebral hemisphere (half of the brain) is removed or disabled. This procedure is used to treat a variety of seizure disorders where the source of the epilepsy is localized to a broad area of a single hemisphere of the brain, among other disorders. It is solely reserved for extreme cases in which the seizures have not responded to medications or other less invasive surgeries. Common reported complications of a hemispherectomy include: hydrocephalus, subdural fluid collections, CSF leakage, deep and superficial infections.
== History and changes ==
Hemispherectomy was first tried on a dog in 1888 by Friedrich Goltz. The first such operation on humans was done by Walter Dandy in 1923 for glioblastoma multiforme. In the 1960s and early 1970s, hemispherectomy involved removing half of the brain, but this resulted in unacceptable complications and side effects in many cases, predominantly filling of excessive body fluids in the skull with subsequent pressure to the remaining brain (known as hydrocephalus). The procedure was revitalized in children in the 1980s by Ben Carson at Johns Hopkins Hospital. In many centers, this procedure has largely been replaced by the functional hemispherectomy, in which the temporal lobe is removed, a procedure known as corpus callosotomy is performed, and the frontal and occipital lobes are disconnected from the rest of the brain. However the traditional "anatomic" hemispherectomy has remained a viable procedure, due to its superiority in preventing future seizures compared with functional hemispherectomy.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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