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hentaigana : ウィキペディア英語版
hentaigana

In the Japanese writing system, are obsolete or nonstandard hiragana. They include both stylistic variants of current hiragana and distinct alternative hiragana characters. Today, with a few exceptions, there is only one hiragana for each of the fifty consonant–vowel sequences (moras) in Japanese. However, traditionally there were generally several more-or-less interchangeable hiragana for each. A 1900 script reform ordained that only one selected character be used for each mora, with the rest deemed ''hentaigana''. Although not normally used in publication, ''hentaigana'' are still used in shop signs and brand names to create a traditional or antiquated air.
Hiragana originate in ''man'yōgana,'' a system where kanji were used to write sounds without regard to their meaning. There was more than one kanji that could be used equivalently for each syllable (at the time, a syllable was a mora). Over time the ''man'yōgana'' was reduced to a cursive form, the hiragana. Many ''hentaigana'' derive from different kanji from the ones for the now-standard hiragana, but some are the result of different styles of cursive writing.
On the other hand, katakana do not have ''hentaigana''. Katakana's choices of ''man'yōgana'' segments had stabilized early on and established – with few exceptions – an unambiguous phonemic orthography (one symbol per sound) long before the 1900 script regularization.
''Hentaigana'' are not included in Unicode, though there is a proposal to encode them.
==Development of the hiragana syllabic ''n''==

The hiragana syllabic ''n'' () derives from a cursive form of the character 无, and originally signified , the same as む. The spelling reform of 1900 separated the two uses, declaring that could only be used for and could only be used for syllable-final . Previously, in the absence of a character for the syllable-final , the sound was spelled (but not pronounced) identically to , and readers had to rely on context to determine what was intended. This ambiguity has led to some modern expressions based on what are, in effect, spelling pronunciations. For example, "trying to say" is ultimately a reading of ''mu'' as ''n''. (The modern Japanese form comes from earlier . Many other changes are seen here as well.)

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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