|
Heqin (), or marriage alliance, refers to the historical practice of Chinese emperors marrying princesses (usually members of minor branches of the royal family) to rulers of neighbouring states. It was often adopted as an appeasement strategy with an enemy state which was too powerful to defeat on the battlefield. The policy was not always effective, and it implied an equal diplomatic status between the Chinese emperor and the foreign ruler. As a result, it was controversial and had many critics. Lou Jing (, later granted the royal surname Liu), the architect of the policy, proposed granting the eldest daughter of Emperor Gaozu of Han to the Modu Chanyu of the Xiongnu. His proposal was adopted and implemented with a treaty in 198 BCE. Wang Zhaojun of the Han dynasty and Princess Wencheng of the Tang dynasty are among the most famous heqin princesses. Heqin was never again practiced by any Han Chinese dynasty after the Tang. 20th-century scholar Wang Tonglin praised heqin for facilitating the "melting of races" in China. ==Han Dynasty== There were a total of fifteen instances of heqin marriage alliances during the Han Dynasty.〔 *200 BCE: Emperor Gaozu of Han marries a Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Modu Chanyu. This is the first recorded incidence of heqin marriage in Chinese history. *192 BCE: Emperor Hui of Han marries another Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Modu Chanyu. *176 BCE: Emperor Wen of Han marries a third Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Modu Chanyu. *174 BCE: Emperor Wen of Han marries a Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Laoshang Chanyu. She brings a Yan eunuch named Zhonghang Yue with her to be her tutor. *162 BCE: Emperor Wen of Han marries another Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Laoshang Chanyu. *160 BCE: Emperor Wen of Han marries a Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Gunchen Chanyu. *156 BCE: Emperor Jing of Han marries another Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Gunchen Chanyu. *155 BCE: Emperor Jing of Han marries a third Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Gunchen Chanyu. *152 BCE: Emperor Jing of Han marries a fourth Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Gunchen Chanyu. *140 BCE: Emperor Wu of Han marries a Han "princess" to Xiongnu chieftain Gunchen Chanyu. *108 BCE: Emperor Wu of Han marries Princess Liu Xijun (劉細君公主), daughter of Liu Jian, Prince of Jiangdu (江都王劉建), to Liejiaomi, King of Wusun. *103 BCE: Emperor Wu of Han marries Princess Liu Jieyou (劉解憂公主), daughter of Liu Wu, Prince of Chu (楚王劉戊), to King Junxumi of Wusun (Liejiaomi's grandson). After Junxumi's death in 93 BCE, Princess Jieyou, in accordance with Wusun tradition, married his successor (and younger brother), King Wengguimi. After Wengguimi's death in 60 BCE, Princess Jieyou again remarried his successor King Nimi (son of Junximi and a Xiongnu princess). *33 BCE: Emperor Yuan of Han marries Wang Zhaojun, a lady of the imperial harem, to Xiongnu chieftain Huhanye. After Huhanye's death in 31 BCE, she remarried Huhanye's successor (his son by his first wife and thus her stepson) Fuzhuleiruodi Chanyu. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「heqin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|