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heroin
Heroin is an opioid painkiller and the 3,6-diacetyl ester of morphine. Heroin is prescribed as an analgesic, cough suppressant and as an antidiarrhoeal. It is also used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects. Frequent and regular administration is associated with tolerance and physical dependence. In some countries it is available for prescription to long-term users as a form of opioid replacement therapy alongside counseling.
It was originally synthesized by C. R. Alder Wright in 1874 by adding two acetyl groups to the molecule morphine, a natural product of the opium poppy. Internationally, heroin is controlled under Schedules I and IV of the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs.〔 ''Referring URL = http://www.incb.org/incb/yellow_list.html''〕 It is generally illegal to manufacture, possess, or sell heroin without a license. In 2004, Afghanistan produced roughly 87% of the world supply in illicit raw opium.〔 However, the production rate in Mexico rose sixfold from 2007 to 2011, making Mexico the second largest opium producer in the world.〔(BBC News, Latin American & Caribbean: "Mexico targets heroine (sic) poppy plantations." ) Eric Camara 16 November 2011〕
Administered intravenously by injection, heroin is two to four times more potent than morphine and is faster in its onset of action. Illicit heroin is sometimes available in a matte-white powder freebase form.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Basic Facts About Heroin )〕 Because of its lower boiling point, the freebase form of heroin is smokable.
==Uses==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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