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Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family Clupeidae. They often move in large schools around fishing banks and near the coast. The most abundant and commercially important species belong to the genus ''Clupea'', found particularly in shallow, temperate waters of the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans, including the Baltic Sea, as well as off the west coast of South America. Three species of ''Clupea'' are recognised, and provide about 90% of all herrings captured in fisheries. Most abundant of all is the Atlantic herring, providing over half of all herring capture. Fishes called herring are also found in India, in the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. Herring played a pivotal role in the history of marine fisheries in Europe,〔Cushing, David H (1975) (''Marine ecology and fisheries'' ) Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09911-0.〕 and early in the twentieth century their study was fundamental to the evolution of fisheries science.〔Went, AEJ (1972) "The History of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea". ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh''. Section B. Biology, 73: 351–360.〕〔 These oily fish also have a long history as an important food fish, and are often salted, smoked, or pickled. ==Species== A number of different species, most belonging to the family Clupeidae, are commonly referred to as herrings. The origins of the term ''herring'' is somewhat unclear, though it may derive from the Old High German ''heri'' meaning a "host, multitude", in reference to the large schools they form.〔(Herring ) ''Online Etymology Dictionary'', Retrieved 10 April 2012.〕 The type genus of the herring family Clupeidae is ''Clupea''.〔Pauly, Daniel (2004) (''Darwin's Fishes: An Encyclopedia of Ichthyology, Ecology, and Evolution'' ) Page 109, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-82777-5.〕 ''Clupea'' contains three species: the Atlantic herring (the type species) found in the north Atlantic, the Pacific herring found in the north Pacific, and the Araucanian herring found off the coast of Chile. Subspecific divisions have been suggested for both the Atlantic and Pacific herrings, but their biological basis remain unclear. In addition, a number of related species, all in the family Clupeidae, are commonly referred to as herrings. The table immediately below includes those members of the Clupeidae family referred to by FishBase as herrings which have been assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. There are also a number of other species called herrings, which may be related to clupeids or just share some characteristics of herrings (such as the lake herring, which is a salmonid). Just which of these species are called herrings can vary with locality, so what might be called a herring in one locality might be called something else in another locality. Some examples: 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「herring」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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