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Hesychasm (, ''hesychasmos'', from , ''hesychia'', "stillness, rest, quiet, silence")〔Parry (1999), p. 230〕 is a mystical tradition of prayer in the Eastern Orthodox Church (Gk: , ''hesychazo'': "to keep stillness") by the Hesychast (Gr. , ''hesychastes''). Based on Christ's injunction in the Gospel of Matthew that "when thou prayest, enter into thy closet, and when thou hast shut thy door, pray",〔(Matthew 6:6 ) (King James Version)〕 hesychasm in tradition has been the process of retiring inward by ceasing to register the senses, in order to achieve an experiential knowledge of God (see theoria). == Meanings of the term == Kallistos Ware distinguishes five distinct meanings of the term "hesychasm": # "solitary life", a sense, equivalent to "eremitical life", in which the term is used since the 4th century; # "the practice of inner prayer, aiming at union with God on a level beyond images, concepts and language", a sense in which the term is found in Evagrius Ponticus (345-399), Maximus the Confessor (c. 580 - 662), and Symeon the New Theologian (949-1022); # "the quest for such union through the Jesus Prayer", the earliest reference to which is in Diadochos of Photiki (c. 450); # "a particular psychosomatic technique in combination with the Jesus Prayer", use of which technique can be traced back at least to the 13th century; # "the theology of St. Gregory Palamas", on which see Palamism.〔Kallistos Ware, ''Act out of Stillness: The Influence of Fourteenth-Century Hesychasm on Byzantine and Slav Civilization'' ed. Daniel J. Sahas (Toronto: The Hellenic Canadian Association of Constantinople and the Thessalonikean Society of Metro Toronto, 1995), pp. 4-7. Cf. (Daniel Paul Payne, "The Revival of Political Hesychasm in Greek Orthodox Thought: A Study of the Hesychast Basis of the Thought of John S. Romanides and Christos Yannaras" ), chapter 3.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hesychasm」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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