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Heterostraci ("Different scales") is an extinct subclass of pteraspidomorph jawless vertebrate that lived primarily in marine and estuary environments. The first identifiable heterostracans appear in the fossil record during the early Silurian, and all, save for the Psammosteids, became extinct by the start of the late Devonian. This last group of heterostracans died out in the extinction event at the end of the Devonian. == Description and anatomy == The Heterostracans differed from other Paleozoic agnathan taxa both in the arrangement of their scales, as well as the histology of their scales. Most heterostracans had two plates which form a large dorsal shield and a large ventral shield, and had series of scales arranged in various patterns on the sides of their bodies, the exact pattern differing from one group to another. In a few primitive forms, such as ''Lepidaspis'', the dorsal and ventral shields are composed of a mosaic of tiny scales. In most other known forms, though, these tiny scales have fused together to form the shield-plates. The scales of heterostracans are histologically distinct from other vertebrates, having three layers composed of dentine and aspidine, an acellular bony tissue unique to this class. The middle layer was honeycombed with tiny spaces called "cancella." As with many agnathan groups, heterostracans had no fins besides the tail or caudal fin. In some pteraspids, especially in the psammosteids, the ends of the branchial plates (the plates that covered the gills) is drawn out to form wing-like extensions. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「heterostraci」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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