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The term ''hilya'' (Arabic حلية (plural: ''ḥilan'', ''ḥulan''), (トルコ語:hilye) (plural: ''hilyeler'') denotes a religious genre of Ottoman Turkish literature, dealing with the physical description of Muhammad. Hilya literally means "ornament". They originate with the discipline of ''shama'il'', the study of Muhammad's appearance and character, based on hadith accounts, most notably Tirmidhi's ''al-Shama'il al-Muhamadiyyah wa al-Khasa'il al-Mustafawiyyah'' ("The Sublime Characteristics of Muhammad"). In Ottoman-era folk Islam, there was a belief that reading and possessing Muhammad's description protects the person from trouble in this world and the next, it became customary to carry such descriptions, rendered in fine calligraphy and illuminated, as amulets.〔 In 17th-century Ottoman Turkey, ''hilyes'' developed into an art form with a standard layout, often framed and used as a wall decoration. Later ''hilyes'' were also written for the first four Caliphs, the companions of Muhammad, Muhammad's grandchildren (Hasan and Hussein) and Islamic saints (walis). == Origins in hadith == (詳細はTirmidhi's ''al-Shama'il al-Muhamadiyyah wa al-Khasa'il al-Mustafawiyyah'' ("The Sublime Characteristics of Muhammad"). The acceptance and influence of this work has led to the use of the term ''"shama'il"'' (appearance) to mean Muhammad's fine morals and unique physical beauty. As they contained hadiths describing Muhammad's spirit and physique, ''shama-il'' have been the source of ''hilye''. The best known and accepted of these hadith are attributed to his son-in-law and cousin Ali. The sources of ''hilye'' have been the six main hadith books along with other hadith sources, attributed to people such as Aisha, `Abd Allah ibn `Abbas, Abu Hurairah, Hasan ibn Ali. While ''shama'il'' lists the physical and spiritual characteristics of Muhammad in detail, in ''hilye'' these are written about in a literary style. Among other descriptive ''Shama'il'' text are the ''Dala'il al-Nubuwwah'' of Al-Bayhaqi, ''Tarih-i Isfahan'' of Abu Naeem Isfahani, ''Al-Wafa bi Fadha’il al-Mustafa'' of Abu'l-Faraj ibn al-Jawzi and ''Al-Shifa'' of Qadi Ayyad are the main shemaa-il and hilya books.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hilya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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