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hindutva
Hindutva, or "Hinduness", a term coined by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1923, is the predominant form of Hindu nationalism in India. The Bharatiya Janata Party adopted it as its official ideology in 1989. It is championed by the Hindu nationalist volunteer organisation Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and its affiliate organisations, notably the Vishva Hindu Parishad, along with the older term Hindu Rashtra (translation: Hindu nation).
== Historical background ==
The term ''Hindu'', cognate with Sanskrit ''Sindhu'', was used in Iran to refer to the lands of the Rigvedic rivers, the Punjab region, as well as the areas beyond. The equivalent Arabic term ''al-Hind'' gave rise to another notion of "Hindu" meaning "Indian" as an adjective as well as to name of the people of India. After the Arab invasion of Sindh, the term came to signify the people that followed Indian religions. By converting to Islam, these people were deemed to have stopped being "Hindus" and become Muslims. After the advent of Orientalism in the 19th century the term "Hinduism" (the Indian religion) was coined to refer to the ancient religion of India. A third meaning of "Hindu" was now derived as the followers of this particular religion Hinduism. All three meanings, ''viz.'', Indian, follower of Indian religions, and follower of Hinduism, play a role in the notion of ''Hindutva'', meaning "Hinduness" coined in the early 20th century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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