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Homophobia encompasses a range of negative attitudes and feelings toward homosexuality or people who are identified or perceived as being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT). It can be expressed as antipathy, contempt, prejudice, aversion, or hatred, may be based on irrational fear, and is sometimes related to religious beliefs.〔 *(【引用サイトリンク】title=webster.com ) * *("European Parliament resolution on homophobia in Europe" ), Texts adopted Wednesday, 18 January 2006 – Strasbourg Final edition- "Homophobia in Europe" at "A" point * * *〕 Homophobia is observable in critical and hostile behavior such as discrimination and violence on the basis of sexual orientations that are non-heterosexual.〔〔 Recognized types of homophobia include ''institutionalized'' homophobia, e.g. religious homophobia and state-sponsored homophobia, and ''internalized'' homophobia, experienced by people who have same-sex attractions, regardless of how they identify. Forms of homophobia toward identifiable LGBT social groups have similar yet specific names: lesbophobia – the intersection of homophobia and sexism directed against lesbians, biphobia – towards bisexuality and bisexual people, and transphobia, which targets transsexualism, transsexual and transgender people, and gender variance or gender role nonconformity.〔〔 In the USA, according to the 2010 Hate Crimes Statistics released by the FBI National Press Office, 19.3 percent of hate crimes across the United States "were motivated by a sexual orientation bias."〔FBI National Press Office. 2011. "FBI Releases 2010 Hate Crime Statistics. FBI (). Available from: http://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-releases-2010-hate-crime-statistics.〕 Moreover, in a Southern Poverty Law Center 2010 ''Intelligence Report'' extrapolating data from fourteen years (1995–2008), which had complete data available at the time, of the FBI's national hate crime statistics found that LGBT people were "far more likely than any other minority group in the United States to be victimized by violent hate crime."〔Intelligence Report, Winter 2010, Issue Number: 140, Anti-Gay Hate Crimes: Doing the Math by Mark Potok, Senior Fellow ()〕 == Origins == Although sexual attitudes tracing back to Ancient Greece (8th to 6th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (ca. 600 AD)) have been termed homophobia by scholars, the term itself is relatively new, and an intolerance towards homosexuality and homosexuals grew during the Middle Ages, especially by adherents of Islam and Christianity. Coined by George Weinberg, a psychologist, in the 1960s,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Homophobia )〕 the term ''homophobia'' is a blend of (1) the word ''homosexual'', itself a mix of neo-classical morphemes, and (2) ''phobia'' from the Greek φόβος, Phóbos, meaning "fear" or "morbid fear". Weinberg is credited as the first person to have used the term in speech. The word ''homophobia'' first appeared in print in an article written for the May 23, 1969, edition of the American pornographic magazine ''Screw'', in which the word was used to refer to heterosexual men's fear that others might think they are gay.〔 Conceptualizing anti-LGBT prejudice as a social problem worthy of scholarly attention was not new. A 1969 article in ''Time'' described examples of negative attitudes toward homosexuality as "homophobia", including "a mixture of revulsion and apprehension" which some called ''homosexual panic''. In 1971, Kenneth Smith used ''homophobia'' as a personality profile to describe the psychological aversion to homosexuality. Weinberg also used it this way in his 1972 book ''Society and the Healthy Homosexual'', published one year before the American Psychiatric Association voted to remove homosexuality from its list of mental disorders. Weinberg's term became an important tool for gay and lesbian activists, advocates, and their allies.〔 He describes the concept as a medical phobia:〔 In 1981, ''homophobia'' was used for the first time in ''The Times'' (of London) to report that the General Synod of the Church of England voted to refuse to condemn homosexuality.〔 and 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「homophobia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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