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hornbeam
Hornbeams are relatively small hardwood trees in the genus ''Carpinus''. Though some botanists grouped them with the hazels (''Corylus'') and hop-hornbeams (''Ostrya'') in a segregated family, ''Corylaceae'', modern botanists place the hornbeams in the birch subfamily Coryloideae. The 30–40 species occur across much of the north temperate regions, with the greatest number of species in east Asia, particularly China. Only two species occur in Europe, only one in eastern North America, and one in Mesoamerica.〔〔(Flora of China, Vol. 4 Page 289, 鹅耳枥属 e er li shu, ''Carpinus'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 1753. )〕〔(Flora of North America, Vol. 3, Hornbeam, ''Carpinus'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 998. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 432, 1754. )〕〔(Altervista Flora Italiana )〕〔(Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution maps )〕 ''Carpinus betulus'' can be found in Europe, Turkey and Ukraine.
==Origin of names==
The common English name "hornbeam" derives from the hardness of the woods (likened to horn) and the Old English "beam", a tree (cognate with German "''Baum''"). The American hornbeam is also occasionally known as blue-beech, ironwood, or musclewood, the first from the resemblance of the bark to that of the American beech ''Fagus grandifolia'', the other two from the hardness of the wood and the muscular appearance of the trunk, respectively. The botanic name for the genus, ''Carpinus'', is the original Latin name for the European species.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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