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Hospodar or gospodar is a term of Slavonic origin, meaning "lord" or "master". ==Etymology and Slavic usage== ''Gospodar'' ((ベラルーシ語:''гаспадар''), (ブルガリア語:''господар''), (セルビア語:''господар''), ) is a derivative of ''gospod'', lord, (spelled with a capital G, ''Gospod'', it means Lord, God). The pronunciation as ''hospodar'' of a word written as ''господар'' in many Slavonic languages which retain the Cyrillic script could be due to the influence of whether Ukrainian, where the first letter is pronounced as () or that of Church Slavonic where it is pronounced as (). In Ukrainian, ''hospodar'' is usually applied to the master/owner of a house or other properties and also the head of a family. The hospodar's house is called as '' hospóda ''. There also an alternative form for the head of the household - ''gazda'' which also common in Hungary. ''Hospod'' is used exclusively when referring to the Lord and has only has a slight relation to hospodar. The title was used briefly towards the end of the Second Bulgarian Empire. In 1394-95, Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria referred to himself not as a Tsar (as traditionally), but as a ''gospodin'' of Tarnovo, and in foreign sources was styled herzog or merely called an "infidel bey". This was possibly to indicate vassalage to Bayezid I or the yielding of the imperial title to Ivan Sratsimir. The Ruthenian population of Grand Duchy of Lithuania used the term to style Grand Duke of Lithuania; in that sense it is also used in official documents (for example, Statutes of Lithuania), given that Old Belarusian was an official language in Grand Duchy. In Slovene, Macedonian, Serbian, Croatian and Bulgarian, ''gospodar'' (господар) means a "master", "lord", or "sovereign lord". Other derivatives of the word include the Bulgarian, Russian, Macedonian, Serbian and Croatian ''gospodin'' (господин, "Mister"), Russian ''gospod`'' (господь, "the Lord"〔used only for God〕), the Slovene ''gospod'' ("Mister", "gentleman"), the Polish ''gospodarz'' ("host", "owner", "presenter") usually used to describe a peasant/farmer (formal name for a peasant/farmer is "rolnik," and common is "chłop" which also means "guy"), the Czech ''hospodář'' (archaic term for "master"). All forms stem from the Proto-Slavic word ''gospodü'' (господъ). Russian word ''gosudar'', which means "sovereign". In Slovak, the word ''Hospodin'' (capitalized) is an older and rare address of God. Related to it is ''hospodár'', in a stricter sense an owner or manager of a farm or similar establishment (''poľnohospodárstvo'' or agriculture is composed of "field" and ''hospodár''. In a broader sense, a manager of any resource. The verb ''hospodáriť'' is translated as "to manage", esp. money and property. In Czech, the word ''Hospodin'' (capitalized) is another address of God. Related to it is ''hospodář'' referring to a person, that manage some property (e.g. steward, major-domo, bailiff, manciple or bursar), especially in agriculture (e.g. husbandman, farmer, landowner). As a term denoting authority the word ''gospodar'' has also been the subject of ironic derision. A good example is the song "Gospodar" from the early 1980s by the Slovene punk rock band Pankrti. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hospodar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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