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A humbucking pickup, or humbucker, is a type of electric guitar pickup that uses two coils to "buck the hum" (or cancel out the interference) picked up by coil pickups. Most pickups use magnets to produce a magnetic field around the strings, and induce an electrical current in the coils as the strings vibrate (a notable exception is the piezoelectric pickup). Humbuckers work by pairing a coil with the north poles of its magnets oriented "up", (toward the strings) with a coil which has the south pole of its magnets oriented up. By connecting the coils together out of phase, the interference is significantly reduced via phase cancellation. The coils can be connected in series or in parallel. In addition to electric guitar pickups, humbucking coils are sometimes used to cancel hum in dynamic microphones. Hum is caused by the alternating magnetic fields created by transformers and power supplies inside electrical equipment using alternating current. While playing a guitar without humbuckers, a musician would hear a hum through the pickups during quiet sections of music. Sources of studio and stage hum include high-power amps, processors, mixers, motors, power lines, and other equipment. Compared to unshielded single coil pickups, humbuckers dramatically reduce hum. == History == The "humbucking coil" was invented in 1934 by Electro-Voice, an American professional audio company based in South Bend, Indiana that Al Kahn and Lou Burroughs incorporated in 1930 for the purpose of manufacturing portable public address equipment, including microphones and loudspeakers.〔''Mix'', June 17, 2005. ("Al Kahn (1906–2005)" ). Retrieved on August 24, 2009.〕 In 1938 A.F. Knoblaugh invented a pickup for stringed instruments involving 2 stacked coils (Pat.No. 2,119,584,). This pickup was to be used in pianos, since he was working for Baldwin at the time. To overcome the hum problem for guitars, the humbucking pickup was invented by Seth Lover of Gibson under instruction of then President Ted McCarty. About the same time Ray Butts developed a similar pickup that was taken up by Gretsch guitars. Although Gibson's patent was filed almost 2 years before Gretsch's, Gibson's patent was issued 4 weeks after Gretsch's. Both patents describe a reverse wound and reverse polarity pair of coils.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Patent US2896491 - Magnetic pickup for stringed musical instrument )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Patent US2892371 - Pickup )〕 A successful early humbucking pickup was the so-called PAF (literally "Patent Applied For") invented by Seth Lover in 1955. Because of this, and because of its use on the Gibson Les Paul guitar, the humbucker is strongly associated with Gibson, although humbuckers have been used in many different guitar designs by many different manufacturers. Humbuckers are also known as ''dual-coil'', ''double-coil'', or ''hum-canceling'' pickups. Rickenbacker offered dual coil pickups arranged in a humbucking pattern beginning in late 1953 but dropped the design in 1954 due to the perceived distorted sound. The Gibson Les Paul was the first guitar to use humbuckers in substantial production, but since then, even some models of Fender Stratocasters and Telecasters, traditionally fitted with single-coil pickups, are factory-equipped with humbuckers. Stratocasters fitted with one humbucker in the bridge position, resulting in a pickup configuration noted as H-S-S (starting at bridge pickup: H for humbucker, S for single coil) are referred to as "Fat Strats", because of the "fatter", "rounder" tone offered by the humbucking pickup. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「humbucker」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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