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humus
In soil science, humus (coined 1790–1800; from the Latin ''humus'': earth, ground〔"humus." Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. 23 Sep 2008. Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/humus.〕) refers to the fraction of soil organic matter that is amorphous and without the "cellular structure characteristic of plants, micro-organisms or animals." Humus significantly influences the bulk density of soil and contributes to moisture and nutrient retention.
Soil formation begins with the weathering of humus.
In agriculture, humus is sometimes also used to describe mature, or natural compost extracted from a forest or other spontaneous source for use to amend soil.〔"humus." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2011. Web. 24 Nov 2011. .〕 It is also used to describe a topsoil horizon that contains organic matter (humus type, humus form,〔Baritz, R., 2003. Humus forms in forests of the northern German lowlands. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, Germany, 145 pp.()〕 humus profile).
==Humification==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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