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The hyaluronidases () are a family of enzymes that degrade hyaluronic acid. Karl Meyer classified these enzymes in 1971 into three distinct groups, a scheme based on the enzyme reaction products. The three main types of hyaluronidases are two classes of eukaryotic endoglycosidase hydrolases and a prokaryotic lyase-type of glycosidase. In humans, there are six associated genes, including HYAL1, HYAL2, HYAL3, and PH-20/SPAM1. ==Use as a drug== By catalyzing the hydrolysis of hyaluronan, a constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), hyaluronidase lowers the viscosity of hyaluronan, thereby increasing tissue permeability. It is, therefore, used in medicine in conjunction with other drugs to speed their dispersion and delivery. Common applications are ophthalmic surgery, in combination with local anesthetics. It also increases the absorption rate of parenteral fluids given by hypodermoclysis, and is an adjunct in subcutaneous urography for improving resorption of radiopaque agents. Hyaluronidase is also used for extravasation of hyperosmolar solutions. Brand names of animal-derived hyaluronidase include HydaseTM (developed and manufactured by (PrimaPharm Inc. ), distributed by Akorn Inc.), which has been FDA-approved as a "thimerosal-free" animal-derived hyaluronidase, Vitrase (Bausch + Lomb/Valeant Pharmaceuticals), Amphadase (Amphastar Pharmaceuticals), and Wydase. Wydase, however, is no longer manufactured. On December 2, 2005, the FDA approved a synthetic (recombinant or rDNA) "human" hyaluronidase, Hylenex (Halozyme Therapeutics).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Halozyme Therapeutics and Baxter Healthcare Corporation Announce FDA Approval of Hylenex ) 〕 The FDA also approved HyQvia in late 2014, a form of sub-cutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) that uses Hylenex to allow for a far greater volume of SCIG to be administered than would normally be possible to administer sub-cutaneously, providing a form of SCIG that can be dosed on a monthly basis, a longer period of time than other forms of SCIG allow. HyQvia had a rate of systemic adverse effects higher than traditional subcutaneous forms of immunoglobulin injection, but lower than those typical in IVIG patients. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hyaluronidase」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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