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hydrochloride
In chemistry, a hydrochloride is a salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.
For example, reacting pyridine (C5H5N) with hydrochloric acid (HCl) yields its hydrochloride salt, pyridinium chloride. The molecular formula is either written as C5H5N·HCl or as C5H5NH+ Cl−.
Hydrochloric salts are most often referred to by using the name of the base, then simply tagging on hydrochloride or HCl. For example, while crack cocaine is the free base of cocaine, the salt form is often referred to as cocaine HCl.
==Uses==
Converting insoluble amines into hydrochlorides is a common way to make them water-soluble. This characteristic is particularly desirable for substances used in medications.〔P. Heinrich Stahl (Editor), Camille G. Wermuth (Editor): ''Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use'', 2. Ed., Wiley, 2011, ISBN 978-3-90639-051-2.〕 The European Pharmacopoeia lists more than 200 hydrochlorides as active ingredients in medications.〔European Pharmacopoeia 7th Edition 2011, EDQM.〕 These hydrochlorides, compared to free bases, may more readily dissolve in the gastrointestinal tract and be able to be absorbed into the bloodstream more quickly. In addition, many hydrochlorides of amines have a longer shelf-life than their respective free bases
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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