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Hydrostatics is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies incompressible fluids at rest. It encompasses the study of the conditions under which fluids are at rest in stable equilibrium as opposed to fluid dynamics, the study of fluids in motion. Hydrostatics are categorized as a part of the fluid statics, which is the study of all fluids, incompressible or not, at rest. Hydrostatics is fundamental to hydraulics, the engineering of equipment for storing, transporting and using fluids. It is also relevant to geophysics and astrophysics (for example, in understanding plate tectonics and the anomalies of the Earth's gravitational field), to meteorology, to medicine (in the context of blood pressure), and many other fields. Hydrostatics offers physical explanations for many phenomena of everyday life, such as why atmospheric pressure changes with altitude, why wood and oil float on water, and why the surface of water is always flat and horizontal whatever the shape of its container. ==History== Some principles of hydrostatics have been known in an empirical and intuitive sense since antiquity, by the builders of boats, cisterns, aqueducts and fountains. Archimedes is credited with the discovery of the mathematical law that bears his name, that relates the buoyancy force to the volume and density of the displaced fluid. The Roman engineer Vitruvius warned readers about lead pipes bursting under hydrostatic pressure〔 Marcus Vitruvius Pollio (ca. 15 BCE), ("The Ten Books of Architecture" ), Book VIII, Chapter 6. At the University of Chicago's Penelope site. Accessed on 2013-02-25.〕 The concept of pressure and the way it is transmitted by fluids were formulated by the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal in 1647. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hydrostatics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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