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Hylomorphism (or hylemorphism) is a philosophical theory developed by Aristotle, which conceives being (ousia) as a compound of matter and form. The word is a 19th-century term formed from the Greek words ὕλη ''hyle'', "wood, matter" and μορφή, ''morphē'', "form." ==Matter and form== Aristotle defines X's matter as "that out of which" X is made.〔''Physics'' 194b23-24〕 For example, letters are the matter of syllables.〔''Physics'' 195a16〕 Thus, "matter" is a relative term:〔''Physics'' 194b9〕 an object counts as matter relative to something else. For example, clay is matter relative to a brick because a brick is made of clay, whereas bricks are matter relative to a brick house. Change is analyzed as a material transformation: matter is what undergoes a change of form.〔Robinson 18-19〕 For example, consider a lump of bronze that's shaped into a statue. Bronze is the matter, and this matter loses one form (that of a lump) and gains a new form (that of a statue).〔''Physics'' 195a6-8〕〔''Metaphysics'' 1045a26-29〕 According to Aristotle's theory of perception, we perceive an object by receiving its form with our sense organs.〔''On the Soul'' 424a19〕 Thus, forms include complex ''qualia'' such as colors, textures, and flavors, not just shapes.〔''On the Soul'' 418a11–12〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hylomorphism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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