|
A hyperforeignism is a type of qualitative hypercorrection that involves speakers misidentifying the distribution of a pattern found in loanwords and extending it to other environments, including words and phrases not borrowed from the language that the pattern derives from. The result of this process does not reflect the rules of either language. For example, ''habanero'' is sometimes pronounced as though it were spelled with an (''habañero''), which is not the Spanish form from which the English word was borrowed.〔(www.merriam-webster.com: habanero (variant spelling) )〕 Hyperforeignization reflects speakers' attitudes about linguistic and cultural stereotypes, particularly those provided by popular media. Hyperforeignisms can manifest in a number of ways, including the application of the spelling or pronunciation rules of one language to a word borrowed from another, an incorrect application of a language's pronunciation, and pronouncing anglicized words as though they were borrowed more recently. Hyperforeignisms may similarly occur when a word is thought to be a loanword from a particular language when it is not. Although similar, words that exhibit deliberate language-play (such as pronouncing ''Report'' with a silent in ''The Colbert Report'' or ironically pronouncing Target as , as though it were an upscale boutique) are not, strictly speaking, hyperforeignisms. These are, instead, a way of poking fun at those who earnestly adopt foreign-sounding pronunciations of pseudo-loanwords. Similarly, speakers who echo hyperforeign pronunciations without the intention of approximating a foreign-language pattern are also not practicing hyperforeignization; thus, pronouncing ''habanero'' as if it were spelled ''habañero'' is not a hyperforeignism if one is not aware that the word has been borrowed from Spanish. ==English== In English, hyperforeignisms are seen in loanwords from many different languages. Many examples of hyperforeignisms are isolated examples, rather than ones showing a particular pattern applied to multiple words and phrases, though some patterns can be identified. Replacement with postalveolar friciatives and is one common mark of hyperforeignisms in English. This leads to pronouncing ''smörgåsbord'' (with initial in Swedish) as , ''parmesan'' (from French (:paʁməzɑ̃)) as (the cheese itself is Italian, and this pronunciation may also have been influenced by the Italian word for the cheese, ''parmigiano'', which has a postalveolar affricate: (:ˌparmiˈdʒaːno)), and Mandarin Chinese terms like ''Beijing'' (with , which sounds like to English speakers) with : . American English speakers are particularly likely to use low back vowels when would be a better approximation. For example, ''Vivaldi'' is pronounced (:viˈvaldi) in Italian. Because American speakers tend to pronounce as or before , their pronunciation does not sound as near as the typical British pronunciation of . Another example of this comes from Persian, where the name ''Hamid'' is pronounced by American English speakers but (:hæˈmid) in Persian. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hyperforeignism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|