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:''Certain figures in this article use scientific notation for readability.'' In economics, hyperinflation occurs when a country experiences very high and usually accelerating rates of inflation, rapidly eroding the real value of the local currency, and causing the population to minimize their holdings of the local money. The population normally switches to holding relatively stable foreign currencies. Under such conditions, the general price level within an economy increases rapidly as the official currency quickly loses real value. The value of economic items remains relatively more stable in terms of foreign currencies. Unlike low inflation, where the process of rising prices is protracted and not generally noticeable except by studying past market prices, hyperinflation sees a rapid and continuing increase in nominal prices and in the supply of money,〔(Where's the Hyperinflation? ), Forbes.com, 2012〕 and the nominal cost of goods. But typically the general price level rises even more rapidly than the money supply since people try to get rid of the devaluing money as quickly as possible. The real stock of money, that is the amount of circulating money divided by the price level, decreases.〔Bernholz, Peter 2003, chapter 5.3〕 Hyperinflations are usually caused by large persistent government deficits financed primarily by money creation (rather than taxation or borrowing). As such, hyperinflation is often associated with wars, their aftermath, sociopolitical upheavals, or other crises that make it difficult for the government to tax the population. A sharp decrease in real tax revenue coupled with a strong need to maintain the status quo, together with an inability or unwillingness to borrow, can lead a country into hyperinflation.〔 ==Definition== In 1956, Phillip Cagan wrote ''The Monetary Dynamics of Hyperinflation'', the book often regarded as the first serious study of hyperinflation and its effects (though "The Economics of Inflation" by C. Bresciani-Turroni on the German hyperinflation was published in Italian in 1931). In his book, Cagan defined a hyperinflationary episode as starting in the month that the monthly inflation rate exceeds 50%, and as ending when the monthly inflation rate drops below 50% and stays that way for at least a year.〔Phillip Cagan, ''The Monetary Dynamics of Hyperinflation'', in Milton Friedman (Editor), ''Studies in the Quantity Theory of Money'', Chicago: University of Chicago Press (1956).〕 Economists usually follow Cagan’s description that hyperinflation occurs when the monthly inflation rate exceeds 50%.〔 The International Accounting Standards Board has issued guidance on accounting rules in a hyperinflationary environment. It does not establish an absolute rule on when hyperinflation arises. Instead, it lists factors that indicate the existence of hyperinflation: * The general population prefers to keep its wealth in non-monetary assets or in a relatively stable foreign currency. Amounts of local currency held are immediately invested to maintain purchasing power * The general population regards monetary amounts not in terms of the local currency but in terms of a relatively stable foreign currency. Prices may be quoted in that currency; * Sales and purchases on credit take place at prices that compensate for the expected loss of purchasing power during the credit period, even if the period is short; * Interest rates, wages, and prices are linked to a price index; and * The cumulative inflation rate over three years approaches, or exceeds, 100%. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hyperinflation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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