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hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia (hyperkalaemia in British English, ''hyper-'' high; ''kalium'', potassium; ''-emia'', "in the blood") refers to an elevated concentration of the electrolyte potassium (K+) in the blood. The symptoms of elevated potassium are nonspecific, and the condition is usually discovered in a blood test performed for another reason. Extreme hyperkalemia is a medical emergency, due to the risk of potentially fatal abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia).
Temporary treatment can reduce the risk of complications, but removal of the excess potassium by stimulating urine production or through dialysis is usually necessary. Hypokalemia refers to the opposite condition, in which the concentration of potassium (K+) in the blood is low.
==Signs and symptoms==
Symptoms are fairly nonspecific. They generally include malaise, palpitations, and muscle weakness. Mild hyperventilation may indicate a compensatory response to metabolic acidosis, which is one of the possible causes of hyperkalemia. Often, however, the problem is detected during screening blood tests for a medical disorder, or after hospitalization for complications such as cardiac arrhythmia or sudden cardiac death.
During the medical-history intake, physicians focus on kidney disease and medication use (see below), as these are the main causes. The combination of abdominal pain, hypoglycemia, and hyperpigmentation—often in the context of other autoimmune disorders—may indicate Addison's disease, which is a medical emergency.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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