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Hypersexuality is a clinical diagnosis used by mental healthcare researchers and providers to describe extremely frequent or suddenly increased sexual urges or sexual activity. The names nymphomania and satyriasis were once used to describe the condition, in women and men respectively, but are no longer in general medical use. == Overview == The ''Merriam-Webster Dictionary'' defines ''hypersexual'' as "exhibiting unusual or excessive concern with or indulgence in sexual activity".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Hypersexual – Definition of hypersexual by Merriam-Webster )〕 Sexologists have been using the term ''hypersexuality'' since the late 1800s, when Krafft-Ebing described several cases of extreme sexual behaviours in his seminal 1886 book, ''Psychopathia Sexualis.''〔Krafft-Ebing, R. von (1886/1965). ''Psychopathia sexualis: A medico–forensic study'' (H. E. Wedeck, Trans.). New York: Putnam.〕〔Kafka, M. P. (2010). (Hypersexual Disorder: A proposed diagnosis for DSM-V ). ''Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39,'' 377–400.〕 The author used the term "hypersexuality" to describe conditions that would now be termed premature ejaculation. Hypersexuality may be a primary condition, or the symptom of another medical disease or condition, for example Klüver-Bucy syndrome or bipolar disorder. Hypersexuality may also present as a side effect of medication such as drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease. Clinicians have yet to reach a consensus over how best to describe hypersexuality as a primary condition,〔Stein, D. J. (2008). Classifying hypersexual disorders: Compulsive, impulsive, and addictive models. ''Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31,'' 587–592.〕〔Bancroft, J., & Vukadinovic, Z. (2004). (Sexual addiction, sexual compulsivity, sexual impulsivity or what? Toward a theoretical model ). ''Journal of Sex Research'', 41, 225–234.〕 or to determine the appropriateness of describing such behaviors and impulses as a separate pathology. Some authors have questioned whether it makes sense to discuss hypersexuality at all, arguing that labeling sexual urges "extreme" merely stigmatizes people who do not conform to the norms of their culture or peer group.〔 Hypersexual behaviours are viewed variously by clinicians and therapists as: an addiction;〔Orford, J. (1985). ''Excessive appetites: A psychological view of the addictions.'' Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons.〕〔Carnes, P. (1983). ''Out of the shadows: Understanding sexual addiction.'' Minneapolis, MN: CompCare.〕 a type of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or “OCD-spectrum disorder”; or a disorder of impulsivity. A number of authors do not acknowledge such a pathology〔Levine, S. B. (2010). What is sexual addiction? ''Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 36,'' 261–275.〕 and instead assert that the condition merely reflects a cultural dislike of exceptional sexual behavior.〔〔Rinehart, N. J., & McCabe, M. P. (1997). Hypersexuality: Psychopathology or normal variant of sexuality? ''Sexual and Marital Therapy, 12,'' 45–60.〕 Consistent with there not being any consensus over what causes hypersexuality,〔 authors have used many different labels to refer to it, sometimes interchangeably, but often depending on which theory they favor or which specific behavior they were studying. Contemporary names include compulsive masturbation, compulsive sexual behavior,〔Quadland, M. C. (1985). Compulsive sexual behavior: Definition of a problem and an approach to treatment. ''Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 11,'' 121–132.〕〔Coleman, E. (1990). The obsessive–compulsive model for describing compulsive sexual behavior. ''American Journal of Preventive Psychiatry & Neurology, 2,'' 9–14.〕 cybersex addiction, erotomania, “excessive sexual drive”,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ICD-10 entry for "Excessive sexual drive". )〕 hyperphilia,〔Money, J. (1980). ''Love and love sickness. The science of sex, gender difference, and pair bonding.'' Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.〕 hypersexuality,〔Miller, B. L., Cummings, J. L., & McIntyre, H. (1986). Hypersexuality and altered sexual preferences following brain injury. ''Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 49,'' 867–873.〕〔Orford, J. (1978). Hypersexuality: Implications for a theory of dependence. ''British Journal of Addiction, 73,'' 299–310.〕 hypersexual disorder,〔Krueger, R. B., & Kaplan, M. S. (2001). The paraphilic and hypersexual disorders. ''Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 7,'' 391–403.〕 problematic hypersexuality,〔Kingston, D. A., & Firestone, P. (2008). Problematic hypersexuality: Review of conceptualization and diagnosis. ''Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity, 15,'' 284–310.〕 sexual addiction, sexual compulsivity,〔Dodge, B., Reece, M., Cole, S. L., & Sandfort, T. G. M. (2004). Sexual compulsivity among heterosexual college students. ''Journal of Sex Research, 41,'' 343–350.〕 sexual dependency,〔 sexual impulsivity,〔Kafka, M. P. (1995b). Sexual impulsivity. In E. Hollander & D. J. Stein (Eds.), ''Impulsivity and aggression'' (pp. 201–228). Chichester, England: John Wiley.〕 “out of control sexual behavior”,〔Bancroft, J. (2008). Sexual behavior that is "out of control": A theoretical conceptual approach. ''Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31,'' 593-601.〕 and paraphilia-related disorder.〔Kafka, M. P. (1994). Paraphilia-related disorders: Common, neglected, and misunderstood. ''Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 2,'' 39–40.〕〔Kafka, M. P. (2000). The paraphilia-related disorders: Nonparaphilic hypersexuality and sexual compulsivity/addiction. In S. R. Leiblum & R. C. Rosen (Eds.), ''Principles and practice of sex therapy'' (3rd ed., pp. 471–503). New York: Guilford Press.〕〔Kafka, M. P. (2001). The paraphilia-related disorders: A proposal for a unified classification of nonparaphilic hypersexuality disorders. ''Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity, 8,'' 227–239.〕 Other, mostly historical, names include Don Juanism, the Messalina complex,〔Orford, J. (1978). Hypersexuality: Implications for a theory of dependence. ''British Journal of Addiction, 73,'' 299-320.〕 and nymphomania.〔Ellis, A., & Sagarin, E. (1965). ''Nymphomania: A Study of oversexed women.'' London: Ortolan.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「hypersexuality」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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