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hypocephalus
A hypocephalus is a small disk-shaped object generally made of stuccoed linen,〔British Museum Dept. of Egyptian Antiquities, ''A General Introductory Guide to the Egyptian Collections in the British Museum'', Published by Trustees of the British Museum, 1971, p.146〕 but also of papyrus,〔William Matthew Flinders Petrie, Edward Russell Ayrton, Charles Trick Currelly, Arthur Edward Pearse Brome Weigall, ''Abydos'', 1902, p.50〕 bronze, gold, wood, or clay, which ancient Egyptians from the Late Period on placed under the heads of their dead. It was believed to magically protect the deceased, cause the head and body to be enveloped in light and warmth,〔Geraldine Pinch, ''Magic in ancient Egypt'', University of Texas Press, 1995, p.157〕 making the deceased divine. It replaced the earlier cow-amulet.〔
==Etymology==
The word is derived from υποκέφαλος "hypocephalus" = ''hypó'' + ''cephalus'' ; a literal translation of the Egyptian ''kher tep'' 〔''Xr'': Ermann & Grapow, ''Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache'' vol. 3, 386.1-388.15
''tp'': ''ibidem'' vol. 5, 263.3-265.10; 266.5-6〕 which has the same meaning).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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