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ichthyosaurus
''Ichthyosaurus'' (derived from Greek ''ιχθυς''/''ichthys'' meaning 'fish' and ''σαυρος''/''sauros'' meaning 'lizard') is a genus of ichthyosaurs from the late Triassic and early Jurassic (Rhaetian - Pliensbachian) of Europe (Belgium, England, Switzerland). and Asia (Indonesia). It is among the best known ichthyosaur genera, with the Order Ichthyosauria being named after it.〔Maisch MW, Matzke AT. 2000. The Ichthyosauria. ''Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie)'' 298: 1-159〕〔McGowan C, Motani R. 2003. Ichthyopterygia. – In: Sues, H.-D. (ed.): ''Handbook of Paleoherpetology, Part 8, Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil'', 175 pp., 101 figs., 19 plts; München〕〔Maisch MW, Reisdorf AG, Schlatter R, Wetzel A. 2008. A large skull of Ichthyosaurus (Reptilia: Ichthyosauria) from the Lower Sinemurian (Lower Jurassic) of Frick (NW Switzerland). ''Swiss Journal of Geosciences'' 101: 617-627.〕 ''Ichthyosaurus'' was the first complete fossil to be discovered in the early 19th century by Mary Anning in England.〔Essesials of Anthropology 6th addition〕
==Description==
''Ichthyosaurus'' were smaller than most of their relatives, with individuals measuring up to in length. Hundreds of well-preserved, fossilised skeletons have been found in Jurassic rock at Holzmaden, Germany. Some of the bones were still articulated. Some fossils still had baby specimens inside them, indicating that ''Ichthyosaurus'' was viviparous. Similar finds in the related ''Stenopterygius'' also show this.〔Böttcher R. 1990. Neue Erkenntnisse über die Fortpflanzungsbiologie der Ichthyosaurier. ''Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie)'' 164: 1-51〕〔Martill D.M. 1993. Soupy Substrates: A Medium for the Exceptional Preservation of Ichthyosaurs of the Posidonia Shale (Lower Jurassic) of Germany. ''Kaupia - Darmstädter Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte'' 2: 77-97〕 The German fossils also featured the outline of ''Ichthyosauruss skin, revealing that it had a fleshy dorsal fin on its back and a large caudal fin. Other ichthyosaur fossils showed this feature was not limited to ''Ichthyosaurus''.
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