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is a Japanese term used to refer to the founder or current Grand Master of a certain school of traditional Japanese art. It is used synonymously with the word when it refers to the family or house that the iemoto is head of and represents. The word ''iemoto'' is also used to describe a system of familial generations in traditional Japanese arts such as tea ceremony (inc. sencha tea ceremony), ikebana, noh, calligraphy, traditional Japanese dance, traditional Japanese music, the Japanese art of incense appreciation (kōdō), and martial arts. Shogi and go once used the ''iemoto'' system as well. The ''iemoto'' system is characterized by a hierarchical structure and the supreme authority of the ''iemoto'', who has inherited the secret traditions of the school from the previous ''iemoto''. An ''iemoto'' may be addressed by the title ''Iemoto'' or ''O-iemoto'', or by the title or . In English, "Grand Master" is often the title that is used. The ''iemoto's'' main roles are to lead the school and protect its traditions, to be the final authority on matters concerning the school, to issue or approve licenses and certificates and, in some cases, to instruct the most advanced practitioners. The title of ''iemoto'' in most cases is hereditary. It is commonly transmitted by direct line, or by adoption. Once the "successor-to-be" is officially recognized, that successor-to-be may appropriate the title of . There can only be one ''iemoto'' at a time, which sometimes leads to the creation of new "houses" or "lines." By tradition, the title of ''iemoto'' is passed down along with a hereditary name. In the Urasenke tradition of tea ceremony, for example, the ''iemoto'' carries the name Sōshitsu. Officially recognized teachers of the traditional arts that have an "iemoto" have obtained a license to teach from the ''iemoto'', signifying the ''iemotos trust that the so-licensed person is capable and qualified to faithfully pass on the school's teachings. Students must also acquire licenses or certificates at various stages in their study. Depending on the school, such certificates either give the student permission to study at a particular level or affirm that the student has achieved a given level of mastery. Recipients must pay for these certificates which, at the highest level, may cost several million yen. It is also the ''iemoto'' who authorises, selects and bestows ceremonial names for advanced practitioners. ==History== As far back as the Heian period (794-1185), there were iemoto-like family lines that were responsible for passing down the secret traditions and orthodox teachings of their particular school of art, but the first appearance of the word ''iemoto'' in extant records dates to the end of the 17th century, where it is used in reference to families entitled to have their sons become priests at great temples. Its use in the sense that it is used today, in the realm of traditional Japanese arts, starts to appear in documents in the middle of the 18th century.〔A Chanoyu Vocabulary: Practical Terms for the Way of Tea (Kyoto: Tankosha, 2007)〕 The system of iemoto is a manifestation of the or "household" and or "extended kin" pattern of relationships in Japanese society.〔"Iemoto" entry by Francis L. K. Hsu in Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan〕 The concept of the was explicated by the historian Matsunosuke Nishiyama in the post-war period to describe the social structures associated with exclusive family control and networks of instructors, a characteristic of the feudal era whose influence on traditional arts is still felt today. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「iemoto」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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